DNA

• Name all blanked areas.

  A) 25

  B) gene

  C) chromosone

  D) pores

  E) genetic material

  F) nucleus

  
• State covered word.

  A) nucleotide

  
• Where is DNA located in human cells?

  In the nucleus
• How many chromosomes do most people have?

  46 chromosomes
• How do the number of chromosomes differ among organisms?

  Different organisms have different chromosome counts
• How many chromosomes do chickens have?

  78 chromosomes
• From whom do you inherit your chromosomes?

  Half from your mother, half from your father
• What is unique about almost everyone's DNA?

  It is unique to the individual
• Which organisms share identical DNA?

  Identical twins and clones
• What are short sections of DNA that code for characteristics called?

  Genes
• What do genes code for?

  Specific proteins
• What determines a cell's function?

  The specific proteins made by genes
• What protein is found in red blood cells?

  Haemoglobin
• What is the function of haemoglobin?

  To bind to oxygen for transport
• How do genes affect an organism?

  They control function and appearance
• What characteristics can your genes determine?

  Blood group, freckles, and dimples
• What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and proteins?

  • DNA is organized into chromosomes
  • Genes are sections of DNA that code for proteins
  • Proteins determine cell functions and characteristics
• What is the structure of DNA?

  DNA is a double helix
• How are the strands of DNA joined together?

  By bases that form bonds
• What shape does DNA form?

  A double helix shape
• What are the small units that make up DNA called?

  Nucleotides
• What type of molecule is DNA?

  DNA is a polymer
• What are the components of each nucleotide in DNA?

  Sugar, phosphate group, and base
• What sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?

  Deoxyribose
• How are the two strands of DNA held together?

  By bonds between the bases
• How many different types of nucleotide are in DNA?

  Four different types
• What are the four bases found in DNA?

  Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
• How can the bases in DNA be referred to?

  By single letters: A, T, C, G
• What is the process of base pairing in DNA?

  A base from one strand bonds with another
• What is complementary base pairing?

  Specific bases bond together in pairs
• Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

  Thymine (A-T)
• Which base pairs with cytosine in DNA?

  Guanine (C-G)
• What are the key features of DNA structure and bonding?

  • DNA is a double helix
  • Made of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base)
  • Four bases: A, T, C, G
  • Complementary base pairing: A-T, C-G