Enzyme Reactions

• Label all parts of graph.

  A) increases

  B) temperature

  C) optimum temperature

  D) denatured

  E) temperature

  
• Fill in blanks to see which graph corresponds with each.

  A) left

  B) right

  C) enzyme

  D) substrate

  
• What factors affect enzyme activity?

  Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration
• What are optimum conditions for enzymes?

  Conditions where enzymes work best
• How does temperature affect enzyme reactions?

  Higher temperatures increase reaction rates
• What happens to enzyme and substrate molecules at higher temperatures?

  They move faster and collide more often
• What occurs if the temperature becomes too high for enzymes?

  Amino acid chains unravel, denaturing the enzyme
• What is the result of an enzyme being denatured?

  It can no longer bind to the substrate
• What happens to the reaction rate when all enzyme molecules are denatured?

  The reaction stops completely
• Is the change from denaturation reversible?

  Most denatured enzymes cannot return to original shape
• What are the consequences of enzyme denaturation on biological processes?

  • Enzymes lose their ability to catalyze reactions
  • Reaction rates decrease or stop
  • Biological processes become inefficient or fail
• What are the key factors influencing enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

  • Temperature: affects molecular movement
  • pH: affects enzyme shape and activity
  • Concentration: enzyme and substrate levels impact reaction rates
• What does pH affect in enzyme-controlled reactions?

  Interactions between amino acids in a chain
• What happens to an enzyme when pH changes?

  It may unfold, changing the active site
• What is the term for an enzyme that has lost its functional shape?

  Denatured
• How does substrate concentration affect the rate of enzyme reactions?

  Higher concentration generally increases reaction rate
• What occurs when all enzyme molecules are bound to substrate molecules?

  The reaction rate reaches its maximum
• What happens if more substrate molecules are added after maximum reaction rate is reached?

  It will not increase the reaction rate
• How does enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction?

  Higher concentration generally increases reaction rate
• What limits the increase in reaction rate when enzyme concentration is high?

  Substrate concentration limits the reaction rate
• What happens to the reaction if no new substrate molecules are added?

  The reaction will stop