Unlawful act Manslaughter

• The death must be caused by an unlawful act, a civil wrong is not sufficient.

  Lamb
• The AR must also be a positive act not an omission

  Lowe
• The AR could include: assault

  Mitchell
• The AR could include: arson

  Goodfellow
• The AR could include: burglary

  Watson
• The AR could include: criminal damage

  Newbury and Jones
• The act doesnt need to be aimed at the V

  Larkin
• The act can be aimed at property

  Goodfellow
• The dangerous act is judged objectively using...

  The Church test
• The harm must be enough that a reasonable, sober person would foresee some harm but not necessarily the actual harm that occurred

  JM v SM
• Harm refers to physical harm not something that causes fear and apprehension

  Dawson, Watson
• [no interviening acts] creates the issue of free will if the V self-administers drugs

  Kennedy
• It is not necessary for the D to realise the act was dangerous

  Newbury and Jones