How disease spreads

Cards (33)

  • What are communicable diseases caused by?
    Pathogens
  • What are pathogens?
    Microscopic organisms causing communicable diseases
  • What are the four types of pathogens?
    1. Bacteria
    2. Viruses
    3. Protists
    4. Fungi
  • What are bacteria?
    Tiny, single-celled organisms
  • How do bacteria make you feel ill?
    By producing toxins that damage cells
  • How do viruses reproduce?
    By invading and using host cells
  • What are protists that cause disease often classified as?
    Parasites
  • How do protists damage their host?
    By using the host's resources
  • What structures do some fungi have?
    Thread-like structures
  • How do fungi spread?
    By producing spores
  • What happens once pathogens enter an organism?
    They multiply quickly and cause symptoms
  • What are the different ways communicable diseases spread?
    1. Water
    2. Food
    3. Contact
    4. Body fluids
    5. Animal vectors
    6. Soil
    7. Air
  • How can pathogens spread through water?
    By drinking or bathing in dirty water
  • What disease is caused by drinking contaminated water?
    Cholera
  • How can pathogens spread through food?
    By eating contaminated food
  • What bacteria can cause food poisoning?
    Salmonella
  • How can pathogens spread through contact?
    By touching contaminated surfaces
  • What disease does the tobacco mosaic virus cause?
    Tobacco mosaic disease
  • How does tobacco mosaic virus affect plants?
    It makes leaves patchy and discolored
  • What is the effect of discolored leaves on plants?
    Reduced photosynthesis and growth
  • How can pathogens spread through body fluids?
    By blood, breast milk, and semen
  • What disease is caused by the protoctist transmitted by mosquitoes?
    Malaria
  • What role do mosquitoes play in the spread of malaria?
    They act as vectors for the protoctist
  • What happens when a mosquito feeds on an infected animal?
    It picks up the matured protoctist
  • Where does the protoctist infect humans?
    In the liver
  • What is the effect of galls on plants?
    They can slow water flow and weaken plants
  • What can happen if a plant is infected by _Agrobacterium tumefaciens_?
    It can develop galls that damage tissue
  • How can pathogens spread through the air?
    By droplets from coughing or sneezing
  • What fungus causes barley powdery mildew?
    _Erysiphe graminis_
  • What is the effect of barley powdery mildew on plants?
    It reduces photosynthesis and growth
  • How do fungal spores spread between plants?
    By being blown by the wind
  • What are the built-in defense systems of the body?
    • Immune system
    • Skin barriers
    • Mucous membranes
    • Reflex actions
  • What plant disease does _Agrobacterium tumefaciens_ cause?
    Crown gall disease