Non-communicable disease

• What is a non-communicable disease?

  A disease not transmitted between people
• What are risk factors in relation to diseases?

  Factors that increase disease likelihood
• What types of risk factors can contribute to non-communicable diseases?

  • Lifestyle factors (e.g., exercise)
  • Genetic factors (e.g., mutated alleles)
  • Environmental factors (e.g., air pollution)
• How do multiple risk factors affect non-communicable diseases?

  They interact to increase disease risk
• Which diseases can be caused by interacting risk factors?

  Cardiovascular disease, some cancers, type 2 diabetes
• How do scientists identify risk factors?

  By looking for correlations in data
• What is the relationship between correlation and causation?

  Correlation does not imply causation
• What lifestyle factor can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?

  A lack of exercise
• How does exercise affect body fat and disease risk?

  It decreases stored body fat and obesity risk
• What can excessive eating lead to?

  Obesity, linked to type 2 diabetes and CVD
• How does dietary fat affect cholesterol levels?

  Too much fat can raise blood cholesterol
• What can a lack of essential vitamins lead to?

  Deficiency diseases
• What are the health risks associated with alcohol and smoking?

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
  • Increased cancer risk
  • Lung diseases
• How do non-communicable diseases differ between developed and developing countries?

  More common in developed countries, rising in developing
• What lifestyle factors are linked to higher incomes?

  Lack of exercise and increased alcohol consumption
• What is the relationship between obesity and income levels?

  Obesity is linked to higher and lower incomes
• What is the biggest cause of death in the UK?

  Non-communicable diseases
• How do lifestyle choices affect non-communicable diseases?

  Poor choices increase disease risk
• What is a risk factor for stress related to exams?

  Too many exams
• What are the effects of alcohol and smoking on health?

  • Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
  • Higher chances of cancer
  • Development of lung diseases