1.1

• what is meant by "values"?

  principles that guide our behaviour, rules to tell us what is right or wrong
• what is meant by "norms"?

  General guidelines that are socially accepted.
• what is meant by deviance?

  any behaviour that differs from normal or uncommon behaviour.
• what are formal sanctions?

  punishments created by the police , courts and other institutions.
• what are informal sanctions?

  when unofficial rules are broken and others show their disapproval
• what is social control?

  society tries to take control of our behaviour to ensure we conform to the norms.
• what does actus reus mean?

  a guilty act
• what does mens rea mean?

  a guilty mind
• what is meant by strict liability?

  when mens rea is not required
• how can differing views affect whether an act is seen as criminal?

  the public have different views of what is crime compared to the legal definition
• how does law enforcement affect the definition of crimes?

  not all criminal acts are law enforced as it could be inefficient and a waste of time
• how can laws and law-making be affected by groups in society?

  laws are changed to reflect changes in public opinion.
• what are two types of offences in UK law?

  1. summary offences
  2. indictable offences
• what are summary offences?

  less serious offences
• what are indictable offences?

  Serious crimes that can be tried in a higher court.
• what are the main categories of indictable offences?

  1. violence against the person
  2. sexual offences
  3. offences against property
  4. fraud and forgery
  5. criminal damage
  6. drug offences
  7. public order offences
• what are the different formal sanctions against criminals?

  1. custodian sentences
  2. community sentences
  3. police sanctions
• what determines the length of a custodial sentence?

  depends on your threat to society
• when can prisoners serving a life sentence apply for parole?

  after about 15 years
• what is an indeterminate sentence?

  sentences with no specific release date
• Examples of sentences served in the community?

  1. curfews
  2. community payback
  3. attendance to anger management courses
• what three factors determine the size of a fine?

  1. seriousness
  2. is it a repeat offence?
  3. ability to pay
• what is a conditional discharge?

  Sentencing option where the offender is not convicted if certain conditions are met.
• what is absolute discharge?

  where the defendant is technically guilty but where punishment would be inappropriate.
• What is a caution?

  They are warnings that can be given by the police or crown prosecution service to anyone aged 10 or over for minor crimes
• what is a conditional caution?

  when sticking to certain restrictions if broken then you will be charged for crime