Energy transfer

• What is the principle regarding energy in physics?

  Energy is never created or destroyed
• What does the principle of energy transfer imply?

  Energy is transferred between different forms and objects
• What are the different forms of energy mentioned?

  • Thermal or internal energy
  • Kinetic energy
  • Gravitational potential energy
  • Elastic potential energy
  • Chemical energy
  • Magnetic energy
  • Electrostatic energy
  • Nuclear energy
• What is thermal energy related to?

  It is related to the temperature of an object
• What type of energy is associated with motion?

  Kinetic energy
• What is gravitational potential energy based on?

  It is based on an object's position in a gravitational field
• What is elastic potential energy?

  Energy held in an already stretched spring
• What is chemical energy held in?

  It is held in chemical bonds
• What does magnetic energy do?

  It holds magnets to your fridge
• What is electrostatic energy associated with?

  It occasionally gives shocks when touched
• What is nuclear energy derived from?

  Breaking atoms apart
• How can energy be transferred between stores?

  Mechanically, electrically, by heating, or by radiation
• What is a system in physics?

  A collection of matter being studied
• What happens in an open system?

  It can exchange energy with the outside world
• What is a closed system?

  It is separate from the outside world
• What happens to energy in a closed system?

  The overall change is always zero
• How does energy transfer occur in a kettle?

  1. Electrical energy flows to the heating element
  2. Heating element transfers energy to water
  3. Water's thermal energy store increases
• What does "work done" mean in terms of energy transfer?

  It refers to energy transferred to an object
• What are the two main types of work done?

  Mechanical and electrical work
• What is mechanical work done?

  Using a force to move an object
• What is electrical work done?

  When current flows in a circuit
• How does friction do work on a train?

  It slows the train by transferring energy
• What happens to the kinetic energy of a train when it applies brakes?

  It is transferred to thermal energy stores
• What are the key differences between open and closed systems?

  Open System:

  • Exchanges energy with the outside world
  • Can gain or lose energy

  
  

  Closed System:

  • Is separate from the outside world
  • No matter or energy can enter or leave