History week 2

• Who ordered Mary to be imprisoned in castles in England?


  Elizabeth
• Why did Elizabeth imprison Mary for 18 years?

  To prevent English Catholics from overthrowing her
• Who were the Northern Earls?

  The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland
• Why were the Northern Earls a threat to Elizabeth?

  They wanted to replace her with Mary
• What was the plan involving Mary and the Duke of Norfolk?

  Mary was to marry the Duke of Norfolk
• What year did the Northern Earls lead their march toward London?

  1569
• What happened when Elizabeth sent an army against the Northern Earls?

  The Earls turned back
• What punishment did Elizabeth order after the Northern Earls' revolt?

  Hundreds of executions
• Why were Catholic plots a threat to Elizabeth?

  They aimed to overthrow her and install Mary
• What significant action did the Pope take in 1570?

  Excommunicated Elizabeth
• What was the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 about?

  It involved Spain invading England to install Mary
• Who was the Italian banker involved in the Ridolfi Plot?

  Ridolfi
• What happened to the Duke of Norfolk after the Ridolfi Plot was discovered?

  He was executed
• Who was Throckmorton in the Throckmorton Plot?

  A young Catholic nobleman
• What was the goal of the Throckmorton Plot in 1583?

  To invade England and make Mary queen
• What happened to Throckmorton after the plot was discovered?

  He was executed
• What was the Babington Plot of 1586 about?

  It involved letters to Mary planning an invasion
• Who was Babington in the Babington Plot?

  A young Catholic
• What role did Francis Walsingham play in the plots against Elizabeth?

  He used spies to uncover the plots
• What methods did Walsingham use to gather information?

  He tortured people for information
• What was Elizabeth's response to the increasing threat from Catholics?

  She executed suspected plotters
• Why did Elizabeth decide to execute Mary, Queen of Scots?

  Mary was too much of a threat
• When was Mary, Queen of Scots executed?

  1587
• What were the three main reasons Spain was a threat to England?

  Trade, religion, and political power
• Why was Spain angry with England regarding trade?

  English ships attacked Spanish trade ships
• What was Spain's religious goal regarding England?

  To convert England from Protestant to Catholic
• Why was Spain politically threatened by England?

  England was challenging Spain's power
• Why did King Philip of Spain avoid war with England initially?

  His priority was the war with France
• What was the significance of the Dutch rebellion against Spain?

  It prompted England to support the Dutch
• What treaty agreed to send English troops to help the Dutch?

  Treaty of Nonsuch
• What was the Spanish Armada?

  A fleet of 130 warships
• Who commanded the Spanish Armada?

  The Duke of Medina Sidonia
• What setback did Spain face before the Armada's attack?

  Drake destroyed many ships in Cadiz
• What was the plan for the Spanish Armada's attack in 1588?

  To collect troops from the Netherlands
• What tactic did Lord Howard use against the Spanish Armada?

  He set English ships on fire
• What happened to most of the Spanish ships after the battle?

  They were destroyed or sank in storms
• What factors contributed to the English navy's victory over the Spanish Armada?

  Leadership, tactics, weather, and resources
• How did leisure change under Elizabeth for the rich and middle-class?

  They had more opportunities for wealth and status
• How did the houses of the wealthy reflect their new status during Elizabeth's reign?

  They were made of brick with glass windows
• What furnishings were common in the houses of the wealthy during Elizabeth's time?

  Tapestries and silver plates and cutlery