ionic bonding

• What are ions?

  Charged particles from atoms
• How do simple ions form?

  Atoms lose or gain electrons
• What forms negative ions (anions)?

  Atoms that gain electrons
• What forms positive ions (cations)?

  Atoms that lose electrons
• How is the charge of an ion determined?

  By the number of electrons lost or gained
• If an atom loses 2 electrons, what is the charge of the ion?

  2+
• If an atom gains 3 electrons, what is the charge of the ion?

  3-
• Which groups of elements typically form positive ions?

  Group 1, 2, and 3 metals
• Which groups of elements typically form negative ions?

  Group 5, 6, and 7 non-metals
• What do elements in the same group have in common?

  Same number of outer shell electrons
• How can you predict the ions formed by elements?

  By looking at the periodic table
• What happens when a metal and a non-metal react?

  Metal loses electrons, non-metal gains electrons
• What is the result of the transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal?

  Formation of oppositely charged ions
• What is the attraction between oppositely charged ions called?

  Ionic bond
• What happens to the sodium atom in ionic bonding with chlorine?

  Sodium loses its outer electron
• What happens to the chlorine atom in ionic bonding with sodium?

  Chlorine gains an electron
• What is the process of ionic bonding?

  • Metal atom loses electrons to form cation
  • Non-metal atom gains electrons to form anion
  • Oppositely charged ions attract each other
  • Resulting attraction is called ionic bond
• What are some common ions to memorize?

  • Ag⁺
  • Cu2+
  • Fe2+
  • Fe3+
  • Pb2+
  • Zn2+
  • H-
  • OH-
  • NH+4
  • CO3 2-
  • NO3 -
  • -SO4 2-