2Y/M&I/B1/L1

• What is the focus of Block 1 in Microbiology and Immunology?

  Global influences of microbes
• What is the aim of studying the ecological impact of microbial life?

  To understand microbes' global ecological impact
• What is the significance of Robert Koch in microbiology?

  He emphasized the relevance of specific organisms to disease
• What did Angelina and Walter Hesse contribute to microbiology?

  They introduced agar as a growth medium
• Who was Sergei Winogradsky?

  A Russian scientist studying microbes in marshlands
• What did Winogradsky build to study microbes?

  The Winogradsky column
• What role do bacteria play in nitrogen cycling?

  They are essential for soil fertility
• What is the rate-determining step in plant growth?

  Availability of nitrates in soil
• What is the consequence of intensive farming on nitrogen recycling?

  It causes an imbalance in nitrogen recycling
• What is the Haber process used for?

  To generate fertilizers and soil improvers
• What is the role of mycorrhizae in forests?

  They link roots and distribute nutrients
• What do leaf cutter ants do with the leaves they collect?

  Feed ant larvae and cultivate bacteria
• What is the relationship between Kiwa tyleri and bacteria?

  It farms bacteria for food
• What is the significance of Rhizobium in agriculture?

  It fixes nitrogen for plants
• What are the common traits between bacteria and archaea?

  Both have circular DNA and no nuclear membrane
• What is the classification of organisms based on molecular characterization?

  Small subunit ribosomal 16S/18S sequence analysis
• Who proposed the three kingdoms of life based on molecular evaluation?

  Carl Woese
• What is a unique feature of archaea?

  They can undertake methanogenesis
• What are extremophiles?

  Organisms that live in extreme environments
• What is the role of methanogens in the environment?

  They generate methane essential for carbon recycling
• What is the Earth Microbiome Project?

  A project to study microbial ecology patterns
• What is the significance of nomenclature in microbiology?

  It helps classify and identify organisms
• What is the highest taxonomic rank in the classification system?

  Domain
• What are the main groups studied in microbiology?

  • Acellular: Viruses, Viroids, Prions
  • Cellular: Fungi, Protists, Bacteria, Archaea
• What are the differences between true bacteria and archaea?

  • True bacteria: Pathogenic, diverse shapes
  • Archaea: Extremophiles, unique metabolic pathways
• What are the key roles of bacteria in the environment?

  • Nitrogen cycling
  • Carbon recycling
  • Symbiotic relationships with other organisms
• What are the consequences of excess nitrates in water supplies?

  • Runoff into water supplies
  • Denitrification in marine environments
• What are the characteristics of extremophiles?

  • Thrive in extreme conditions
  • Diverse ecological colonizers
• What is the importance of molecular tools in microbiology?

  • Help curate microbial organisms
  • Aid in understanding microbial diversity
• What are the implications of studying the Earth Microbiome Project?

  • Understanding microbial ecology patterns
  • Insights into global biodiversity
• What are the main components of microbial nomenclature?

  • Domain
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• What is the significance of symbiotic relationships in microbiology?

  • Mutual benefits for organisms
  • Essential for ecosystem balance
• What are the roles of mycorrhizae in forest ecosystems?

  • Nutrient distribution
  • Carbon capture
  • Support for plant roots
• What are the implications of nitrogen cycling for agriculture?

  • Essential for plant growth
  • Influences fertilizer use
• What are the ecological impacts of microbial life?

  • Influence on higher life forms
  • Contribution to global ecology
• What is the course code for Microbiology and Immunology 2?

  BIOL2044
• What is the main focus of the first block of teaching?

  Broad overview of microbiology's global impact
• What topics will be covered in the first block of microbiology teaching?

  Global warming, food production, bioterrorism
• What will be the focus of the second block of teaching?

  Fundamentals of microbial organisms and replication
• What will be discussed in the last block of teaching?

  Specific pathogens and their role in disease