Control of blood glucose concentration

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• How does insulin affect blood glucose levels?

  It triggers cells to take up glucose
• What is the role of the pancreas in blood glucose control?

  It monitors and regulates glucose levels
• What happens to blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  They rise
• What does insulin do to excess glucose in the body?

  It triggers storage as glycogen
• What is homeostasis in relation to blood glucose concentration?

  Maintaining a constant glucose level
• What are the two types of diabetes mentioned?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• What is the main issue in type 1 diabetes?

  The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration differ between a person with type 1 diabetes and one without?

  It remains high in type 1 diabetes
• How do people with type 1 diabetes manage their condition?

  They monitor glucose and inject insulin
• What is the main problem in type 2 diabetes?

  Body cells stop responding to insulin
• How is type 2 diabetes typically treated?

  With a controlled carbohydrate diet
• What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What effect does glucagon have on the liver?

  It converts glycogen back to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon work together?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What is the process of blood glucose regulation?

  • After meals, blood glucose rises
  • Pancreas releases insulin
  • Insulin triggers glucose uptake and storage
  • Blood glucose returns to normal
  • If glucose falls, pancreas releases glucagon
  • Glucagon triggers glycogen conversion to glucose
  • Blood glucose rises to normal
• What are the key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  Type 1 Diabetes:

  • Insufficient insulin production
  • Requires insulin injections

  
  

  Type 2 Diabetes:

  • Body cells resist insulin
  • Managed with diet and exercise
• What is the role of the pancreas in glucose regulation?

  • Monitors blood glucose levels
  • Releases insulin when levels rise
  • Releases glucagon when levels fall