cells and types

• What is the relationship between structure and function in biology?

  • Observed at molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels
  • Structure influences function
  • Function can dictate structural adaptations
• How many cell types are there in a human?

  Over 250 cell types
• What are the chemical constituents of cells?

  • Lipids and fats
  • Polymers of amino acids (peptides and proteins)
  • Nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)
  • Carbohydrates
• What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

  Information storage
• What is the role of lysosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

  Processing proteins
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Energy production, apoptosis
• What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

  Involved in molecule transportation and synthesis
• What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

  Packaging, modifying, and secretion of proteins
• What are the stages of embryogenesis mentioned?

  1. Fertilization
  2. Cleavage and blastocyst formation
  3. Gastrulation
• What is the significance of cell-cell interactions in tissue formation?

  They create tissues through migration and adhesion
• What are the types of stem cells based on potency?

  • Pluripotent
  • Totipotent
  • Multi-potent
  • Unipotent
• What is the consequence of cellular differentiation?

  Differential gene expression
• What is Gaucher's disease caused by?

  Low levels of glucocerebrosidase
• What is the genetic condition associated with PAX6?

  Aniridia
• What are the three germ layers formed during gastrulation?

  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
• What are the functions of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?

  • Ectoderm: Skin, hair, nervous tissue
  • Mesoderm: Urogenital system, heart, skeletal muscle
  • Endoderm: Lining of digestive tract and lungs
• What is the relationship between organelles and genetic illnesses?

  • Some genetic illnesses are linked to organelle defects
  • Organelle function is crucial for cellular health
• What is the importance of model systems in studying gene function?

  • Useful for understanding gene function
  • Helps in studying genetic diseases
• What is the online resource mentioned for gene defects?

  OMIM