Bentham and Kant

• what is utilitarianism an example of?

  ethical naturalism
• Utilitarianism is a…?

  Cognitivist and naturalist theory
• Utilitarianism holds that ethical values are…?

  Factual - they are about the facts of pain and pleasure, and those facts are really in the world
• For Kant, morality is cognitive but…?

  it is non-naturalist
• The commands to obey the categorical imperative is…?

  A rational choice of the will
• The mind = not physical and not governed by the laws of nature so…?

  The moral will belongs to the noumenal realm (outside space/time) therefore, cannot be investigated by natural sciences
• Utilitarianism is often said to fail, why?

  As a naturalist theory, it cannot bridge the gap between the is and the ought
• Kant agreed with Hume that…?

  One cannot rationally argue to an ought from an is
• So what did Kant conclude?

  That morality cannot be based on the evidence of the sense/on anything we observe in the phenomenal realm
• Hence Kant got over the problem by arguing what?

  Morality = NOT in the realm of the sense, its in the noumenal realm and we have synthetic a priori knowledge of morality