YR9 Science

• What are cells considered in biology?

  Basic building blocks of life
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  Cells
• How do bacteria reproduce when they divide?

  They produce a whole new organism
• What type of cells are animal and plant cells?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What is active transport?

  Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport requires energy, diffusion does not
• What analogy is used to describe diffusion?

  Water flowing downhill
• What is the energy source for active transport?

  Energy from cellular respiration
• Where does cellular respiration mainly occur?

  In the mitochondria
• What do ATP molecules do in the cell?

  Act like batteries transporting energy
• What is the definition of active transport?

  • Movement of molecules across a cell membrane
  • From lower concentration to higher concentration
  • Requires energy from cellular respiration
• Why do plants need to absorb water and mineral ions?

  To survive and grow
• What are root hair cells adapted for?

  Absorbing water and mineral ions
• How do root hair cells increase their absorption efficiency?

  By having long hair-like protrusions
• Why can't plants absorb minerals by diffusion?

  Minerals are at higher concentration inside cells
• What is the role of mitochondria in root hair cells?

  Provide energy for active transport
• What adaptations do root hair cells have for their function?

  • Long hair-like protrusions for surface area
  • High number of mitochondria for energy
• What minerals do plants need for chlorophyll production?

  Magnesium ions
• What do plants need nitrates for?

  To produce proteins
• What is the relationship between cellular respiration and active transport?

  Cellular respiration provides energy for active transport
• What is the main process that provides energy in cells?

  Cellular respiration
• What happens to glucose during cellular respiration?

  It is broken down to release energy
• How does the structure of root hair cells support their function?

  They have a large surface area and many mitochondria