Lipids

• Types of lipids

  Triglycerides

  Phospholipids
• How are triglycerides made?

  They are formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids.
• What bond is found in triglycerides?

  Ester bond
• A condensation reaction between glycerol and a fatty acid produces what type of bond?

  Ester bond
• Draw the formation of a triglyceride


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• What is the structural formula of a fatty acid?

  RCOOH
• Draw a saturated fatty acid.


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• Draw an unsaturated fatty acids.


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• Saturated fatty acids

  Contain no double bonds between their carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain
• Unsaturated fatty acid

  Contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain
• How are phospholipids made?

  They are formed by a condensation reaction between a molecule of glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
• Phosphate group in phospholipids

  Hydrophilic head
• Fatty acid chains in a phospholipid

  Hydrophobic chains
• Structure and functions of triglycerides

  Fatty acid tails contain a lot of chemical energy which is released when they're broken down - good energy source

  Insoluble - don't affect the water potential of cells so water cannot enter by osmosis and make the cell swell
• Structure and function of phospholipids

  Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails form a double layer with the heads facing towards the outside

  Hydrophobic centre of the bilayer doesn't allow water-soluble substances to easily pass through it
• Test for lipids


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