Civil Rights History

• How did the Jim Crow music act portray Black individuals?

  As lazy, ignorant, and uncivilized
• What did the name Jim Crow become synonymous with?

  Segregation laws in the Deep South
• What year was the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling made?

  1896
• How did the reality of services compare to the "separate but equal" principle?

  Services were rarely equal in practice
• What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?

  Segregation was legal under "separate but equal"
• Why was the "separate but equal" doctrine deemed unconstitutional?

  It failed to provide true equality in facilities
• What does segregation mean?

  Separating people based on race or ethnicity
• What does "separate but equal" refer to?

  A claim that separate facilities were equal in quality
• What was the Jim Crow music act?

  A performance mocking Black people with blackface
• What did Linda Brown challenge in her case?

  The requirement to attend a segregated Black school
• How does the Constitution guide government actions?

  It outlines fundamental laws and rights
• What is the role of the Supreme Court?

  Determining whether actions are constitutional
• What was the legal status of segregated education?

  Legally "separate but equal"
• What does unconstitutional mean?

  Violates the rules of the Constitution
• What legal strategy did the NAACP focus on regarding segregation?

  Demonstrating that separate but equal was unequal
• What does the 14th Amendment guarantee?

  Equal protection under the law
• Which amendment's guarantee was upheld in Brown v. Board of Education?

  The 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection
• What does the 14th Amendment guarantee?

  Equal protection under the law
• What was the key doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

  Separate but equal
• How did Warren's leadership influence the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education?

  It swayed the decision toward desegregation
• Under which amendment did the NAACP argue segregation was unconstitutional?

  The 14th Amendment
• Who led the Supreme Court during the Brown v. Board of Education ruling?

  Chief Justice Earl Warren
• Why is the 14th Amendment essential in challenging segregation?

  It argues that separate but equal is unequal
• What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling in the civil rights movement?

  • Marked a turning point in civil rights
  • Challenged established racial segregation
  • Set a precedent for future civil rights cases
• What doctrine was reversed by the Brown v. Board of Education ruling?

  The separate but equal doctrine
• What challenge did "all deliberate speed" highlight in implementing the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

  It allowed states to postpone desegregation
• What threat did the White Citizens Councils make regarding schools?

  To close schools entirely rather than desegregate
• How did many white Southerners react to the Brown v. Board ruling?

  They reacted with intense anger
• What does a legal precedent mean?

  A court ruling influencing future decisions
• What doctrine was deemed unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education?

  Separate but equal doctrine
• What principle did Brown v. Board establish regarding segregation?

  Segregation is inherently unequal and unconstitutional
• What transition did Warren lead the court through?

  From segregation to integration
• What did the Supreme Court declare about segregated schools?

  They were unconstitutional
• What was one effect of the precedent set by Brown v. Board on public buildings?

  It led to desegregation of libraries and parks
• What tactics did Deep South states use to resist desegregation?

  They threatened to close schools rather than desegregate
• What did "all deliberate speed" allow states to do regarding desegregation?

  Desegregate schools at their own pace
• How did "all deliberate speed" become a symbol in the context of segregation?

  It highlighted challenges in implementing the Brown v. Board decision
• What type of resistance did the ruling face in the South?

  Strong resistance
• Which amendment was violated according to the Brown v. Board ruling?

  The 14th Amendment
• How did the Brown v. Board of Education ruling contrast with the Plessy v. Ferguson doctrine?

  Brown v. Board ruled that separate schools were inherently unequal and unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment