Plant reproduction

• What is pollination?

  Transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma
• How can pollen be transferred?

  By an animal or by the wind
• Where does fertilisation take place in a flowering plant?

  Inside the ovary
• What happens during fertilisation?

  The nucleus of pollen fuses with the ovule nucleus
• What are the steps involved in pollination and fertilisation of a flowering plant?

  1. Pollen lands on stigma and grows a pollen tube.
  2. Pollen nucleus travels down the tube to fertilise the ovule nucleus.
  3. Fertilised ovule develops into a seed; ovary becomes fruit.
• What develops from a fertilised ovule?

  A seed
• What does the seed contain?

  The plant embryo with genetic material from both parents
• What is germination?

  When a new plant grows out from a seed
• What are the three conditions required for successful germination?

  • Water: Swells seed and activates growth reactions
  • Oxygen: Needed for aerobic respiration and energy
  • Warmth: Required for enzyme activity and cell division
• What does water do for seed germination?

  Allows the seed to swell and activate reactions
• Why is oxygen important for germination?

  It provides energy for aerobic respiration
• What role does warmth play in germination?

  It allows enzymes to carry out respiration
• What happens as the new plant grows after germination?

  • Produces roots to absorb water and minerals
  • Produces leaves for photosynthesis to make food