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Biological Rhythms
Infradian Rhythms
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Deinbo
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Cards (25)
What is an infradian rhythm?
A biological rhythm with
less
than
24-hour
frequency
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How do infradian rhythms differ from circadian rhythms?
Infradian rhythms take longer than
24 hours
to complete
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How long can infradian cycles last?
Days,
weeks
, or
months
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What governs the menstrual cycle?
Monthly changes in
hormone
levels
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What is the typical duration of the menstrual cycle?
Approximately
28
days
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What does the menstrual cycle refer to?
The time from
day 1
to the day before the next cycle
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What regulates the menstrual cycle?
Hormones that promote
ovulation
or
fertilization
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When do oestrogen levels peak in the menstrual cycle?
For around
16-32
hours, halfway through
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What happens to progesterone levels towards the end of the menstrual cycle?
Progesterone
rises
to prepare for
fertilization
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What is the relationship between the menstrual cycle and exogenous factors?
The menstrual cycle may be influenced by
pheromones
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Who conducted research on menstrual synchronisation?
Stern
and
McClintock
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What was the sample size in Stern and McClintock's study?
29
women with irregular periods
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What method was used to collect pheromone levels in the study?
Cotton wool
pads placed under arms
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What was done to the cotton pads after collection?
They were treated with
alcohol
and
frozen
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How were the pads used in the study?
Placed on the upper lips of other
participants
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What percentage of women experienced changes to their cycle in the study?
68%
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What is seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
A
depressive
disorder
with a
seasonal
pattern
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How is SAD described in the DSM-5?
As a
mental disorder
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What are common characteristics of SAD?
Persistent
low mood and lack of interest
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Why is SAD often referred to as the 'winter blues'?
Symptoms are triggered during
winter months
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What type of rhythm is SAD classified as?
A
circannual
rhythm
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What hormone is hypothesized to cause SAD?
Melatonin
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When is melatonin secreted by the pineal gland?
During the
night
until
morning
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How does lack of light in winter affect melatonin secretion?
Melatonin is
secreted
for longer
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What is the knock-on effect of increased melatonin secretion?
It affects
serotonin production
linked to
depression
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