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    Cards (25)

    • What is an infradian rhythm?
      A biological rhythm with less than 24-hour frequency
    • How do infradian rhythms differ from circadian rhythms?
      Infradian rhythms take longer than 24 hours to complete
    • How long can infradian cycles last?
      Days, weeks, or months
    • What governs the menstrual cycle?
      Monthly changes in hormone levels
    • What is the typical duration of the menstrual cycle?
      Approximately 28 days
    • What does the menstrual cycle refer to?
      The time from day 1 to the day before the next cycle
    • What regulates the menstrual cycle?
      Hormones that promote ovulation or fertilization
    • When do oestrogen levels peak in the menstrual cycle?
      For around 16-32 hours, halfway through
    • What happens to progesterone levels towards the end of the menstrual cycle?
      Progesterone rises to prepare for fertilization
    • What is the relationship between the menstrual cycle and exogenous factors?
      The menstrual cycle may be influenced by pheromones
    • Who conducted research on menstrual synchronisation?
      Stern and McClintock
    • What was the sample size in Stern and McClintock's study?
      29 women with irregular periods
    • What method was used to collect pheromone levels in the study?
      Cotton wool pads placed under arms
    • What was done to the cotton pads after collection?
      They were treated with alcohol and frozen
    • How were the pads used in the study?
      Placed on the upper lips of other participants
    • What percentage of women experienced changes to their cycle in the study?
      68%
    • What is seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
      A depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern
    • How is SAD described in the DSM-5?
      As a mental disorder
    • What are common characteristics of SAD?
      Persistent low mood and lack of interest
    • Why is SAD often referred to as the 'winter blues'?
      Symptoms are triggered during winter months
    • What type of rhythm is SAD classified as?
      A circannual rhythm
    • What hormone is hypothesized to cause SAD?
      Melatonin
    • When is melatonin secreted by the pineal gland?
      During the night until morning
    • How does lack of light in winter affect melatonin secretion?
      Melatonin is secreted for longer
    • What is the knock-on effect of increased melatonin secretion?
      It affects serotonin production linked to depression