volcano case studies

• What is the title of the case study discussed?

  Montserrat volcanic eruption
• Where is Montserrat located?

  Part of the Antilles islands
• What were the dates of the Montserrat volcanic eruption?

  12th July 2003 - 25th June 2007
• What type of volcanic activity occurred during the Montserrat eruption?

  Multiform in pyroclastic flows and ash
• What geological feature contributed to the Montserrat eruption?

  Destructive plate margin
• What significant geological event occurred in Montserrat in 1995?

  The volcano began erupting
• What was the population of Montserrat before the eruption?

  11,000 people
• What happened to the village of Plymouth during the eruption?

  It became a ghost town
• What were the primary hazards caused by the Montserrat eruption?

  Air pollution and respiratory issues
• What was the impact of the ash on agriculture in Montserrat?

  Crops were killed, leading to failed harvests
• How much financial aid did the British government provide for recovery?

  £41 million
• What was the purpose of the Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO)?

  To monitor the volcano and predict eruptions
• How did the eruption affect the population of Montserrat?

  Population decreased from 11,000 to 4,000
• What unique aspect is noted about the Montserrat volcanic eruption?

  It erupted after being dormant for 800 years
• What is the title of the second case study discussed?

  Fagradalsfjall eruption (2023)
• Where did the Fagradalsfjall eruption occur?

  Grindavik, Iceland
• When did the Fagradalsfjall eruption take place?

  19th August 2023
• What was released during the Fagradalsfjall eruption?

  Water vapour, carbon dioxide, and sulphur dioxide
• What environmental hazard was caused by the lava flows in Iceland?

  Wildfires occurred due to lava flows
• How many earthquakes occurred on the Reykjanes peninsula before the eruption?

  50,000 earthquakes
• What was the impact of acid rain produced by the eruption?

  It damaged crops and polluted water
• What was the evacuation response before the Fagradalsfjall eruption?

  4,000 people were evacuated
• What was the effect of the eruption on tourism in Iceland?

  Tourism was reduced due to evacuations
• What was the impact of the moss fires caused by the eruption?

  Charred more than 250 hectares of land
• How did the Fagradalsfjall eruption affect hospital admissions?

  30% increase in hospital admissions
• What was a significant environmental consequence of the Fagradalsfjall eruption?

  Poor soil quality due to ash deposits
• What are the primary and secondary hazards of the Montserrat eruption?

  Primary hazards:

  • Air pollution causing respiratory issues
  • Pyroclastic flows destroying infrastructure

  
  

  Secondary hazards:

  • Destruction of tourism and farming industries
  • Long-term economic impacts on families
• What are the primary and secondary hazards of the Fagradalsfjall eruption?

  Primary hazards:

  • Sulphur dioxide emissions harming air quality
  • Lava flows causing wildfires

  
  

  Secondary hazards:

  • Increased hospital admissions
  • Damage to agriculture from acid rain
• What were the responses to the Montserrat volcanic eruption?

  • Establishment of the Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO)
  • Creation of a risk map for safe areas
  • Financial aid from the British government
• What were the impacts of the Montserrat eruption on the island's infrastructure?

  • Destruction of homes, schools, and hospitals
  • Closure of the only airport
  • Overcrowding in temporary shelters
• What were the impacts of the Fagradalsfjall eruption on the local community?

  • Evacuations of 4,000 people
  • Increased pressure on local tourist attractions
  • Loss of jobs in tourism and agriculture
• What is unique about the Fagradalsfjall eruption in 2023?

  • It marked the end of a quiet period of 800 years
  • It followed eruptions in 2021 and 2022
• responses to the fagradsfjall eruption

  channel was built so lava was pushed away from the power plant leaving it un damaged