Photosynthesis

• Name some biological processes plants undergo

  Photosynthesis

  Active transport

  DNA replication

  Cell division

  Protein synthesis
• Describe photosynthesis (GCSE level)

  The process where energy from light is used to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide
• Write the equation for photosynthesis

  6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• How do plants store energy

  Stored as glucose until respiration releases it
• Metabolic pathway

  A series of small reactions controlled by enzymes
• Phosphorylation

  Adding phosphate to a molecule
• Photophosphorylation

  Adding phosphate to a molecule using light
• Photolysis

  The splitting of a molecule using light energy
• Photoionisation

  When light energy excites electrons in an atom or molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released - results in a positively charged atom
• Decarboxylation

  The removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule
• Dehydrogenation

  The removal of a hydrogen from a molecule
• Reduction

  Gained electrons

  Gained hydrogen

  Lost oxygen
• Oxidation

  Lost electrons

  Lost hydrogens

  Gained oxygen
• What is a co-enzyme?

  A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme

  Work by transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another
• Co-enzyme used in photosynthesis

  NADP

  It transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another
• Where does photosynthesis take place?

  Chloroplast
• Label a structure of a chloroplast


  ...
• Coloured substances found in chloroplasts

  Photosynthetic pigments

  Absorb light energy
• Photosystem

  Protein and photosynthetic pigments
• Photosystem 1

  Absorbs wavelength of 700nm
• Photosystem 2

  Absorbs wavelength of 680nm
• What does the stroma contain

  Enzymes

  Sugars

  Organic acids
• Storage

  Carbs are stored as starch grains in the stroma
• Where does the light-dependent reaction take place

  Thylakoid membranes
• Steps of the light-dependent reaction


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