Science revision (types of rock)

• What are the three types of rocks found on Earth?

  Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
• How is each rock type formed?

  Each type is formed in a different way
• What is a compound?

  A substance with two or more elements
• What is an element?

  A pure substance made from one type of atom
• What is the smallest particle of an element?

  An atom
• What are the smaller particles that make up atoms?

  Protons, neutrons, and electrons
• What is the formula for copper carbonate?

  CuCO₃
• What is the Earth's crust?

  The rocky outer layer of the Earth
• What are minerals?

  Natural chemical compounds in rocks
• How are rocks classified?

  By their minerals and formation process
• What is an igneous rock?

  A rock formed from cooling molten rock
• What is a metamorphic rock?

  A rock formed from another rock under heat and pressure
• What is a sedimentary rock?

  A rock formed by small rock pieces laid down in layers
• What happens to molten rock when it cools?

  It solidifies into igneous rock
• What is the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?

  Extrusive cools quickly on the surface, intrusive cools slowly underground
• What is the significance of the Devil’s Tower?

  It is a famous igneous rock formation
• What are curling stones made from?

  Granite
• How does the speed of cooling affect crystal size in igneous rocks?

  Faster cooling results in smaller crystals
• What are the five processes that make a sedimentary rock?

  Transport, deposition, sedimentation, compaction, cementation
• What are the stages involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks?

  1. Sediment transport
  2. Deposition
  3. Sedimentation
  4. Compaction
  5. Cementation
• What happens during sediment transport?

  Small pebbles are rolled along a river-bed
• What occurs during deposition?

  Sediment is laid down after being transported
• What is sedimentation?

  Layers of sediment form on top of each other
• What occurs during compaction?

  Weight of layers compresses the layers below
• What is cementation in sedimentary rock formation?

  Minerals harden and stick grains together
• How are sedimentary rocks used in construction?

  Sandstone and limestone are used for walls
• What can sedimentary rocks contain?

  Fossils of trapped animals and plants
• What are metamorphic rocks formed from?

  Other rocks under heat and pressure
• What are the stages involved in the formation of metamorphic rocks?

  Burial, heating, and pressure change minerals
• What is marble formed from?

  Limestone
• What is slate formed from?

  Shale
• What features do scientists use to classify rocks?

  Color, size, arrangement, and hardness
• How do scientists classify limestone?

  It is soft, has layers, and reacts with acid
• How do scientists classify granite?

  It is very hard and made from large crystals
• How do scientists classify rocks?

  By observing and measuring their features
• What are the uses of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks?

  • Igneous: Curling stones, decorative uses
  • Sedimentary: Building materials, fossils
  • Metamorphic: Decorative uses, roof tiles
• What processes are involved in the rock cycle?


  1. Formation of igneous rocks
  2. Formation of sedimentary rocks
  3. Formation of metamorphic rocks
  4. Erosion and sedimentation
  5. Compaction and cementation
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