Section 3- Plant nutrition and transport

• What is the process that produces food in plants?

  Photosynthesis
• What type of food do plants produce through photosynthesis?

  Glucose
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

  In all green parts, especially leaves
• What pigment in chloroplasts absorbs light energy?

  Chlorophyll
• What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?

  Sunlight
• What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

  CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
• Why is photosynthesis important for plants?

  It converts light energy to chemical energy
• What happens to the chemical energy stored in glucose?

  It is released during respiration
• What are the parts of a typical leaf involved in photosynthesis?

  • Mesophyll layer
  • Palisade layer
  • Spongy layer
  • Air space
  • Guard cell
  • Stomata
  • Waxy cuticle
• How are leaves structured for photosynthesis?

  They have a large surface area for light
• Where are most chloroplasts located in a leaf?

  In the palisade layer
• Why is the upper epidermis of leaves transparent?

  To allow light to reach the palisade layer
• What do vascular bundles in leaves transport?

  Water and nutrients to the leaf
• What is the function of the waxy cuticle on leaves?

  To reduce water loss by evaporation
• How do stomata contribute to photosynthesis?

  They allow CO₂ to diffuse into the leaf
• What are the three limiting factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis?

  Light, CO₂, and temperature
• How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Increases rate until a limiting factor occurs
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when CO₂ is scarce?

  It slows down or stops
• What is the effect of temperature on the enzymes involved in photosynthesis?

  Temperature affects enzyme activity
• What happens to plant enzymes at temperatures above 45 °C?

  They become denatured and stop working
• What is usually the limiting factor for photosynthesis in low temperatures?

  Temperature is too low
• What should you do to remember the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

  Read the material repeatedly
• What are the effects of increasing temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?

  • Rate increases with temperature up to a point
  • Beyond a certain temperature, enzymes denature
  • Rate decreases rapidly if enzymes are destroyed