Section C: Wolsey’s foreign policy

• what were the key powers at the time in europe?

  holy roman empire, and france
• what is an example of territories did the holy roman empire have?

  the austrian empire
• who took over the holy roman empire in 1519?

  spanish king charles v
• who was charles v?

  catherine of aragon's nephew, who was part o the powerful habsburg family.
• what did taking over the holy roman empire do for spain?

  made spain and holy roman empire part of a now very-powerful habsburg empire
• who was france ruled by?

  francis i
• what family was francis i from?

  the powerful valois family
• what was population os england before wolsey?

  2.75 million
• what was the royal income of england before wolsey?

  £110,000
• what was the population of france before wolsey?

  15 million
• what was the royal income of france before wolsey?

  £350,000
• what was the population of the holy roman empire before wolsey?

  23 million
• what was the royal income of the holy roman empire before wolsey?

  £560,000
• what was the only part of france that was still controlled england?

  calais
• what were henry's aims when it came to foreign policy?

  war and power
• what were wolsey's aims when it came to foreign policy?

  he was worried about expense and finance
• what aim did henry and wolsey agree on when it came to foreign policy?

  to be seen as the equal to france and the habsburg empire
• why did they want an alliance with france and the habsburg empire?

  it would ensure that these two powers would not join together to make an alliance against england
• what is the treaty of london?

  a treaty of universal peace, which aimed to end european warfare by making powers agree to an non-aggressive foreign policy
• how many leaders signed the treaty of london?

  20 leaders
• what was agreed on in the treaty of london?

  henry's baby daughter, Mary, would marry the son of francis i.
• what did the marriage of henry's daughter and the son of francis i give to henry and wolsey?

  gave henry the prestige of being seen as a European peacemaker and allowed england to be seen as a significant power
• when was the field of the cloth of gold?

  1520
• what were the reasons for the field of the cloth of gold?

  to prevent war with francis and charles, also wanted to see what each side would offer in return for english support if a war did break out.
• where was the field of the cloth of gold?

  just outside of calais
• what happened at the field of the cloth of gold?

  a week feasting and jousting, unplanned wrestling match
• what was the outcome of the field of the cloth of gold?

  put henry at the centre of events alongside other major european monarchs.

  however, no decisions were made that would bring to europe, and francis i declared on charles v on april 1521
• when did charles and francis go to qar?

  1521
• when did henry declare war on france?

  1522
• what happened in 1523 - in terms of the war?

  a joint attack was planned on paris, agreed between england and the habsburg empire.

  england set out in august under the duke of suffolk, but the troops from charles never turned up, so england forced to retreat.
• why did charles not turn up at paris?

  charles v had used henry's troops to distract the frenach while he attacked francis at the battle of pavia.
• what was the results of the battle of pavia?

  charles won the battle and took francis as prisoner
• what did henry and wolsey ask charles after he took francis as prisoner?

  asked for a joint invasion of france and to then divide france up between england and the habsburg, and make henry king of france.

  charles refused, and released francis
• what did wolsey do after the let down from charles and the habsburg empire?

  wolsey opened negotiations with france, signing a peace treaty in 1525.
• what was the treaty signed in 1525 called?

  the treaty of more
• what was stated in the treaty of more?

  henry agreed to give up his claims to france in return for an annual payment.

  the financial cost was huge, costing £430,000.
• what did the financial cost of the treaty of more cause?

  tax increases and forced loans, which hurt henry's popularity
• what did wolsey do in 1526?

  wolsey helped organise, but did not join, the league of cognac.
• what was the league of cognac?

  created an alliance of france, the pope, venice and florence, with aim of stopping charles v conquering any more fo the italian peninsula
• what did wolsey do in 1527?

  wolsey strengthened relations with france further by signing the treaty of westminster