Section C: The Cold War intensifies

• when did west germany join NATO?

  may 1955
• what did west germany joint nato lead to?

  the ussr to fear an armed and powerful germany on the border of easter europe
• what was the ussr’s own defensive alliance?

  the warsaw pact
• what countries were in the warsaw pact?

  the soviet union, poland, czechoslovakia, hungary, romania, bulgaria, albania, and east germany
• when and where did the americans drop its first atomic bomb?

  on hiroshima, 6th august 1945, and nagasaki, 9th august 1945
• when did the soviets develop their own bomb?

  1949
• when did the americans develop a hydrogen bomb?

  1952
• when did the soviets develop a hydrogen bomb?

  1953
• when did the usa develop an ICBM which could fire a missle more than 4500 km?

  1957
• what happened when both sides had enough weapons to destroy each other?

  mutually assured destruction (MAD)
• what’s an ICBM?

  intercontina balistic missile
• when did stalin die?

  5th march 1953
• who became the new leader of the ussr?

  khrushchev
• narrative account of the hungarian uprising

  1. at the end of WW2, the soviets appointed matyas rakosi as a puppet leader of hungary
  2. in 1956 the people of hungary began to protest about their lack of political freedoms, and fuel and food shortages
  3. in october there were riots in budapest
  4. soviet troops restored order, but allowed the more reformist leader imre nagy to replace ramos’s
  5. nagy allowed reforms like non-communists to enter government and the release of political prisoners
  6. on 1 nov nagy said by grady would leave the warsaw pact
  7. this was too far for khrushchev who ordered a soviet invasion
  8. on 4 nov, 1000 soviet tanks entered budapest
  9. when the hungarian people fought back, 20000 were killed
  10. nagy was replaced by the pro-soviet kadar, and in july 1958 nagy was executed
• what were the consequences of the hungarian uprising?

  1. us president eisenhower was sympathetic and some NATO countries took hungarian refugees
  2. no military support was offered. this showed that the usa would contain communism but not follow a policy of ’roll back’
  3. this made khrushchev position stronger
  4. it made future uprisings in the warsaw pact less likely as they knew the west would not help
• what is roll back?

  it wouldn’t help existing communist countries overthrow communism