Neuro

• Can you name a condition that can cause secondary headaches?

  Meningitis
• What are the characteristics of primary headaches?

  • Occur independently
  • Not caused by underlying conditions
  • Often chronic or recurrent
• What is a key feature of tension headaches?

  Dull, aching pain described as a tight band
• What are some "red flags" for headaches?

  Sudden severe headaches and fever
• What are the 6 types of headaches shown in the image?

  • Tension headache
  • Migraine
  • Cluster headache
  • Post-traumatic headache
  • Medication overuse
  • Sinus headache
• What is the location of a post-traumatic headache?

  Frequently occurs in the temples, forehead, and neck
• What conditions are associated with vascular headaches?

  Temporal arteritis or intracranial hemorrhage
• How do secondary headaches differ from primary headaches?

  Secondary headaches indicate a pathological origin
• How do primary headaches differ from each other?

  They differ in intensity, location, and frequency
• What types of headaches are classified as primary headaches?

  Simple headaches, migraines, tension, cluster headaches
• What are the key features of primary headaches?

  • No underlying pathological cause
  • Often triggered by lifestyle factors
  • Managed with lifestyle changes and medications
• What are the types of primary headaches?

  Simple, migraines, tension, cluster headaches
• What does a headache triggered by cough, valsalva, or sneeze suggest?

  Increased intracranial pressure
• What are the symptoms of giant cell arteritis?

  Headaches and visual disturbances
• What are the symptoms of acute narrow-angle glaucoma?

  Headache, red eye, and vision issues
• What must be arranged when patients with headaches are not referred to the emergency department?

  Follow-up care
• How does narrow-angle glaucoma cause increased eye pressure?

  • In narrow-angle glaucoma, the blocked drainage angle causes the aqueous humor to build up, increasing the pressure in the eye.
  • This increased pressure pushes the iris forward, further closing the drainage angle in a vicious cycle.
• What are the key differences between cluster headaches and narrow-angle glaucoma?

  • Cluster Headache:
  • Unilateral, severe pain
  • Normal to blurry vision
  • Constricted pupil
  • Normal drainage angle

  
  

  • Narrow-Angle Glaucoma:
  • Unilateral, painful red eye
  • Misty vision or halos
  • Semi-dilated pupil
  • Blocked drainage angle
• What are the three characteristics used to describe headache pain?

  Pounding, dull, or squeezing
• What does a headache triggered by exercise indicate?

  Possible serious vascular problems
• What types of headaches can be distinguished by recording patterns?

  Tension-type headaches and migraines
• What are the main purposes of a headache diary?

  • Tracking frequency, duration, and severity of attacks
  • Monitoring effectiveness of interventions and medications
  • Facilitating communication with the GP
• How do cluster headaches present?

  Intense headaches occurring in clusters around one eye
• What is the key characteristic of a tension headache?

  Almost as though a tight hat is squeezing the head
• What are the key features of secondary headaches?

  • Indicate a serious medical issue
  • May have additional symptoms (fever, neurological deficits)
  • Require treating the underlying medical condition
• What characterizes traumatic headaches?

  Result from head injuries like concussions
• What is the pupil's reaction in narrow-angle glaucoma?

  Semi-dilates
• Which analgesic combats both pain and inflammation?

  Ibuprofen
• Which medications are ineffective for treating cluster headaches?

  Paracetamol, NSAIDs, and opioids
• How can a headache diary be useful in migraine management?

  To track treatment effectiveness
• What are secondary headaches caused by?

  An underlying medical condition or injury
• What are other causes of secondary headaches?

  Conditions like brain tumors or high blood pressure
• How do cluster headaches differ from migraines?

  They are usually unilateral and localized
• How does a tension headache differ from a migraine?

  • Tension headache occurs around the back of the head, temples, and forehead, almost as though a tight hat is squeezing the head
  • Migraine typically occurs on one side of the head
• What are the common types of secondary headaches?

  • Traumatic Headaches
  • Infective Headaches
  • Vascular Headaches
  • Other Causes (e.g., tumors, high blood pressure)
• What are the 6 main types of primary headaches?

  Tension, Migraine, Cluster, Post-Traumatic, Medication Overuse, Sinus
• What are migraines characterized by?

  Severe headaches with nausea and light sensitivity
• What should be done if a patient presents with a sudden-onset, severe headache?

  Refer them to the emergency department
• What symptoms often accompany infective headaches?

  Fever or neurological deficits
• What does a worsening headache with fever suggest?

  Infectious origins like meningitis