Neuroanatomy

    Cards (33)

    • What is the CNS?
      • Brain
      • Spinal cord
    • What is the PNS?
      • Everything else
      • Nerves- sensory and motor pathway
    • What does superior refer to?
      Dorsal- up
    • What does posterior refer to?
      Caudal-back
    • What does inferior refer to?
      Ventral- down
    • What does Anterior refer to?
      Rostral- forward
    • What does medial mean?
      toward the middle
    • What does Lateral mean?
      toward the side (outover)
    • What does contralateral mean?
      opposite side
    • What does Ipsilateral mean?
      same side
    • Protection of the CNS
      • meninges - 3 layers of tissue = protect CNS
      • cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) = clear fluid fill subarachnoid space acts as a shock absorber and helps with buoyancy
    • What is grey matter?
      Cell bodies and dendrites
      EG) cortex, basal, ganglia thalamus.
    • What is white matter?
      myelinated axons
      EG) Corpus Callosum
    • What is the function of the corpus callosum?
      Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
      largest fibre bundle
      "hard body"
    • What is the Ventricular system?
      Network of fluid-filled cavities in the brain. which functions continuously, Between blood vessels and brain tissue.
      • X2 Lateral Ventricle-
      • 3rd Ventricle-
      • 4th Ventricle
    • What is the blood-brain barrier?
      A semipermeable barrier
      Lipids= pass through, soluble substance
      bigger molecules cannot pass through, require active transport.
      maintain stable environment and protect from potential disruption and damage
    • What is a frontal plane?
      Coronal
      parallel to forhead
    • What is a sagittal plane?
      arrow / side view
    • What is a horizontal plane?
      Parallel to ground // top view
    • Label lobes and their functions
      Frontal lobe: Move, Behav, Speech, Prob Solve
      Parietal lobe: Intel, Lang, Sensation, Reason
      Temporal: Lang, Mem, Hear, Emot
      Occipital: Sight, Vis recept.
      A) Frontal lobe
      B) temporal lobe
      C) brain stem
      D) cerebellum
      E) occipital lobe
      F) parietal lobe
    • What are the grooves on the cortex called?
      Sulci
    • What are the bulges on the cortex called?
      Gyri
    • What divides the frontal and parietal lobe?
      Central sulcus
    • What divides the frontal and temporal lobe?
      Lateral fistula
    • What do the primary areas of the brain do?
      They receive info from senses.
    • What do primary association arears do?
      They are sensory association arears which receive and analyse info from prime areas
    • Encephalon
      The brain
    • What are the major brain structures?
      A) prosencephalon
      B) prosencephalon
      C) telencephalon
      D) diencephalon
      E) cerebral cortex, basar ganglia, limbic system
      F) thalamus, hypothalamus
      G) tectum, tegmentum
      H) mesencephalon
      I) rhombencephalon
      J) rhombencephalon
      K) metencephalon
      L) myelencephalon
      M) cerebellum, pons
      N) medulla oblongata
    • What does diencephalon consist of?
      Thalamus- 2 lobes separated by massa intermedia. Receives and process info from the cortex. 2 nuclei: lateral geniculate, medial geniculate, ventrolateral
      Hypothalamus- controls autonomous nervous system, connected to the pituitary gland.
    • Basal ganglia
      In telencephalon, collection of nuclei which control movement, and reward systems. When lesions in BG= Parkinson's and Huntington's
      A) caudate nucleus
      B) putamen
      C) globus pallidus
    • What is the limbic system?

      Limbic cortex, associated with learning, memory and emotion. In the temporal lobe. Includes structures:
      • amygdala
      • hippocampus
      • fornix
      • and mammillaty bodies
    • What is the mesencephalon?

      Midbrain.
      Includes Tectum- superior colliculi and inferior colliculi
      Includes Tegmentum- which has a rectangular shape, periaqueductal grey matter and a red nucleus (LIN MOVE)
      with a substantia nigra
    • What does the Rhombencephalon do?

      It has two parts- metencephalon and myelencephalon.
      Met= pons (bridge) work with sleep and arousal, relay information from the cortex to the cerebellum.
      Cerebellum- involved with co-ordination of movement.
      Myel= medulla oblongata- included with regulation of cardiovascular system, respiration and skeletal muscle tonus.
    See similar decks