crim unit 2

• What is the focus of AC1.1 in understanding crime and deviance?

  Compare criminal behavior and deviance
• How do crime and deviance differ?

  Crime is legally defined; deviance is socially defined
• Can deviant behavior be a crime?

  No, deviant behavior does not always constitute a crime
• What are the types of deviance mentioned?

  Positive deviance, situational deviance, societal deviance
• How does the definition of crime vary?

  It varies across time, cultures, and societies
• What is the impact of moral panics on crime perception?

  They can distort public perception of crime
• How do societal attitudes influence laws?

  Laws change over time in response to societal attitudes
• What is Lombroso’s theory about?

  It suggests the existence of "born criminals"
• What are Sheldon’s somatotypes?

  Body types linked to personality and behavior
• How does modern research link biology to criminal behavior?

  Through genetic and neurological studies
• What role do brain structures play in criminality?

  They influence criminal behavior
• What are criticisms of biological determinism?

  It overlooks environmental and social factors
• What does Eysenck’s Personality Theory link to criminal behavior?

  Personality traits
• How does Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory explain behavior?

  Childhood experiences shape behavior
• What is Bandura’s Social Learning Theory about?

  Role models and reinforcement influence behavior
• What does Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory explain?

  Stages of moral reasoning development
• How can individualistic theories be evaluated?

  In terms of scientific validity and applications
• What does Merton’s Strain Theory explain?

  Societal pressure leads to deviance
• What is Becker’s Labeling Theory about?

  Being labeled as a criminal affects behavior
• How do Marxist and Feminist views relate to crime?

  Crime is a response to social inequality
• What do Right and Left Realist approaches focus on?

  Crime prevention strategies
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of sociological theories?

  They explain different types of crime
• What is the focus of AC3.1 in applying theories to real-world crime?

  Analyzing situations of criminality
• How can criminological theories be applied to real-life cases?

  By explaining different types of crimes
• What types of crimes can be explained using criminological theories?

  Violent crime, white-collar crime, gang-related crime
• What is the focus of AC3.2 in evaluating criminological theories?

  Effectiveness in explaining causes of criminality
• How do different theories compare in explaining criminality?

  By assessing strengths and limitations
• What factors may interact to influence criminal behavior?

  Biological, psychological, and sociological factors
• How can criminological theories be applied in practice?

  In crime prevention and rehabilitation
• How do theories influence laws and criminal justice policies?

  They inform the development of laws
• What is the impact of zero-tolerance policies?

  They are influenced by Right Realism
• What are rehabilitation programs based on?

  Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• What influences restorative justice approaches?

  Labeling and social learning theories
• How effective are policies based on criminological theories?

  They aim to reduce crime and reoffending rates
• What is the definition of crime?

  Any act that breaks the law
• What is the definition of deviance?

  Behavior that goes against social norms
• What are the types of deviance?

  • Situational deviance: Context-dependent behavior
  • Societal deviance: Majority disapproved behavior
  • Positive deviance: Overconformity to norms
• What is situational deviance?

  Behavior acceptable in one context but not another
• What is positive deviance?

  Overconformity to norms that can be admirable
• How does crime vary according to time and culture?

  Crime is not fixed and changes over time