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Anatomy& phisiology
lecture 6
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Created by
Bharath siva
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Cards (39)
What are the key functions of blood?
Transport,
regulation
, and protection
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How does blood transport oxygen?
By delivering it from
lungs
to organs
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What role do hormones play in blood circulation?
They circulate from
endocrine
organs to targets
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What waste products does blood remove?
Nitrogenous
waste to the
kidneys
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What is thermoregulation in blood function?
Absorbing and distributing
heat
throughout the body
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How do blood components help regulate pH?
By acting as
buffers
in body tissues
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What prevents fluid loss from circulation?
Blood
proteins
maintain
fluid volume
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How does blood protect against blood loss?
Through
clot formation
when
vessels
are damaged
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What components of blood protect against infection?
Many components of the
immune system
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How many chambers does the heart have?
Four
chambers
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What type of blood does the right side of the heart receive?
Blood low in
oxygen
from body tissue
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What does the left side of the heart do?
Delivers
oxygenated
blood to
body tissue
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What are the two circuits of blood vessels?
Pulmonary
and
systemic
circuits
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What is the role of the atria in the heart?
To receive blood from
circulation
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How do ventricles differ from atria?
Ventricles are
thicker
and pump blood
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What vessels carry oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium?
Superior and inferior vena cava
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What vessels carry oxygen-rich blood into the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
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What is the function of the pericardium?
To provide
protection
and
anchorage
to the heart
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What does the fluid in the pericardium provide?
Mechanical protection and
lubrication
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How many valves are in the heart?
Four
valves
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What do atrioventricular valves prevent?
Backflow from
ventricles
into
atria
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What do pulmonary and aortic valves prevent?
Flow from arteries back into
ventricles
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What type of valves are pulmonary and aortic valves?
Semilunar
valves
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When do semilunar valves open?
When
ventricles
contract
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When do semilunar valves close?
When
ventricles
relax
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What supplies blood to the heart?
Coronary arteries
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What happens if coronary arteries are blocked?
Leads to
tissue necrosis
and
heart attack
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What is the intrinsic cardiac conduction system?
It allows the heart to
depolarize
and contract
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What percentage of cardiac muscle cells are autorhythmic pacemaker cells?
About
1%
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What do pacemaker cells trigger?
Action potentials
in surrounding cells
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What does an electrocardiogram (ECG) measure?
Action potentials generated by
heart cells
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What are the three waves of a typical ECG?
P wave
,
QRS complex
, and
T wave
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What can defects in the intrinsic conduction system cause?
Irregular heartbeat rhythm (
arrhythmia
)
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What is defibrillation?
Electrical shock to reset
heart cells
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What is heart block?
Prevention of
electrical
signals reaching
ventricles
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What do artificial cardiac pacemakers do?
Regulate the heart's
electrical conduction system
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Where are electrodes usually placed for pacemakers?
Right
atrium
and sometimes a
ventricle
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What is a CRT pacemaker used for?
To help
coordination
of heart's beating
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What is the main reference for the lecture material?
Human Anatomy & Physiology
by
Marieb & Hoehn
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