Mendel

• Who is considered the founding father of genetics?

  Gregor Mendel
• What was Gregor Mendel's profession?

  Austrian scientist and monk
• What did farmers know about crossbreeding by the 1800s?

  It could lead to more favorable offspring
• What did Mendel study in his monastery gardens?

  Traits of pea plants
• Which traits did Mendel observe in pea plants?

  Height, flower color, pod color
• What was the first experiment Mendel conducted with pea plants?

  • Crossed a green pea plant with a yellow pea plant
  • All offspring were yellow pea plants
• What was the result when Mendel crossed two yellow pea plants?

  Three quarters were yellow, one quarter green
• Why did Mendel conclude that hereditary units could be dominant or recessive?

  Because some traits were not expressed in offspring
• What are hereditary units according to Mendel?

  Factors passed from generation to generation
• When are recessive hereditary units expressed?

  When inherited from both parents
• What did Mendel find about yellow pea plants in the second generation?

  They had hereditary units for green pods
• What did Mendel's experiments suggest about traits?

  Many characteristics are passed down dominantly or recessively
• What significant scientific knowledge was lacking in the 1800s?

  Understanding of DNA and genes
• What discovery was made towards the end of the 1800s?

  Chromosomes were discovered
• What did scientists notice about chromosomes in the early 1900s?

  They resembled Mendel's hereditary units
• What term do we use today for Mendel's hereditary units?

  Genes
• What major discovery was made in the 1950s regarding DNA?

  The double helix structure was discovered
• When was the entire human genome sequenced?

  In 2003
• What is the history of genetics as outlined in the video?

  1. Mendel's experiments with pea plants
  2. Discovery of chromosomes in the late 1800s
  3. Connection between chromosomes and genes in early 1900s
  4. Discovery of DNA double helix in the 1950s
  5. Sequencing of the human genome in 2003