1500-1700

• How did warfare change between 1500 and 1700?

  Warfare became more professional with full-time soldiers
• What were the main components of armies during this period?

  Cavalry, infantry, and artillery
• Why did generals prefer more infantry than cavalry?

  Infantry provided better support in battles
• What increased the importance of artillery in warfare?

  New heavy and field artillery improved effectiveness
• How did rulers finance their armies?

  Through taxes and mercenaries
• What is a standing army?

  A permanent force of full-time soldiers
• Did England have a standing army before the Civil War?

  No, it did not
• Why did Parliament raise a standing army during the Civil War?

  To fight against the king
• What was the role of pikemen and musketeers in battle?

  They had to work together to be effective
• What formation did pikemen use under cavalry attacks?

  They formed a square around musketeers
• How did formations change by 1600?

  Squares were replaced by lines of musketeers
• Who was in charge of the New Model Army?

  Oliver Cromwell
• What did Cromwell emphasize in his command structure?

  Ability and training of soldiers
• What role did cavalry play in battles during this period?

  Cavalry harassed the enemy but was not decisive
• What was the role of dragoons until 1700?

  They acted as mounted infantry
• How did infantry change due to new weapons and tactics?

  Infantry was divided into musketeers and pikemen
• When was the New Model Army formed?

  1645
• What was the significance of the New Model Army?

  It was a professional national army
• What was the impact of the New Model Army on policy and government?

  It influenced policy between 1645 and 1660
• What was the significance of the wheel-lock pistol?

  It was suitable for use by cavalry
• How did the flintlock mechanism improve firearms?

  It replaced the unreliable matchlock musket
• What was the purpose of the plug bayonet?

  To convert musketeers into combatants
• How did new engineering methods affect defensive walls?

  They made walls stronger against cannon fire
• What was the impact of the Civil Wars on local civilians?

  Increased taxes and requisitioning of supplies
• What was the role of the New Model Army during the Civil Wars?

  It was a national volunteer army
• How did the Battle of Naseby impact the English Civil War?

  It was a turning point in the war
• What tactical advantage did the Parliamentarians have at Naseby?

  They positioned themselves on higher ground
• Who were the key leaders at the Battle of Naseby?

  Fairfax and Cromwell
• What mistake did King Charles and Prince Rupert make during the battle?

  They underestimated the enemy's strength
• How did Cromwell maintain control over his cavalry?

  He kept them disciplined during attacks
• What was the outcome of Cromwell's cavalry tactics at Naseby?

  They successfully destroyed the Royalist cavalry
• What was the significance of the New Model Army's training and tactics?

  They led to effective coordinated attacks
• What was the impact of the Civil Wars on civilian property?

  Damage was limited to certain regions
• How did the New Model Army influence military uniforms?

  It established the red coat as standard
• What was the role of the New Model Army after the Civil Wars?

  It continued as a normal part of society
• What was the significance of the socket bayonet?

  It allowed musketeers to fight effectively
• How did the New Model Army's structure differ from previous armies?

  It was based on professional soldiers
• What was the impact of the New Model Army on military strategy?

  It emphasized discipline and coordinated tactics
• How did the New Model Army affect the perception of military service?

  It professionalized military service in society
• What was the role of the cavalry in the New Model Army?

  To support infantry and engage enemies