Sharecropping and black codes

• What were Scalawags?

  Southern white people willing to work with changes in the South
• What were Carpetbaggers?

  A derogatory term for a white person from the North who went to the South to make money or political gain
• What was sharecropping?

  When old plantations were divided into smaller sections in order to rent out to tenants
• What size were plots of land in sharecropping?

  Between 30-50 acres
• What did sharecroppers need to give their landowners?

  A percentage of the grain which they produced
• What did sharecropping often come with?

  Unfair contracts
• Who endorsed sharecropping?

  The federal government via the Freedman's Bureau
• Who was president during Reconstruction?

  Johnson
• What percentage of production did sharecroppers have to give their landowners?

  1/2
• What percentage of cotton producing land was under sharecropping?

  80% by 1880
• What were black codes?

  Laws put in place in Southern states which affected black Americans
• What was Mississippi the first state to do?

  To ban interracial relations and marriages
• What were black Americans forbidden from doing in Mississippi?

  Forbidden from owning land
• What work were black Americans restricted to in South Carolina?

  Agriculture or domestic services
• What was banned in Louisiana?

  Impudence and signs of disobedience as well as swearing
• What was the common definition of a black American?

  Someone who had 1/8th black ancestry/blood
• What couldn't black Americans do in South Carolina?

  Own property in towns
• What other codes were put in place in South Carolina?

  Black Americans had to show passes when on roads, couldn't carry weapons or alcohol
• When were 'Jim Crow'/Segregation laws re-introduced?

  In the 1870s
• What were the two types of Segregation?

  'de jure' or lawfully enforced segregation and 'de facto' which occurred without law
• How many black Americans fought for the Union army?

  500,000
• What percentage of South Carolina's population were black Americans?

  65%
• What occurred in Memphis and New Orleans?

  Summer 1866 race riots
• What happened as a result of the riots in Memphis?

  A white supremacist rampage which left over 25 dead
• What did sharecropping do?

  Created a new generation of masters and servants
• How were sharecroppers kept on the land?

  High interest rates meant they were kept in permanent debt
• What shows the lack of power of sharecroppers?

  They were unable to choose the crop, it was still down to landowners who kept old industries
• What percentage of crops could contracts go up to?

  75%