Particle model year 9

• What is the particle model?

  An idea about material composition
• What are the three states of matter according to the particle model?

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• What is the arrangement of particles in a gas?

  Far apart
• How does particle movement affect the state of a material?

  It determines if it's solid, liquid, or gas
• What explains the behavior of solids, liquids, and gases in the particle model?

  • Solids keep their shape
  • Liquids flow
  • Gases fill their containers
• What does the particle model state about materials?

  They are composed of tiny moving particles
• What is the first key assumption of the particle model?

  All matter is made of tiny particles
• How do particles behave in solids?

  Particles are in fixed positions and vibrate
• What are the key differences between the three states of matter?

  • Solids have a fixed shape and volume
  • Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container
  • Gases have no fixed shape or volume, they expand to fill their container
• How do particles behave in solids compared to gases?

  Solids pack closely, gases are widely apart
• What do particles have between them?

  Spaces between them
• How does the arrangement of particles differ among solids, liquids, and gases?

  Solids have fixed positions, liquids are close together, gases are random
• How does tighter particle spacing affect density?

  It increases density
• Why is it important that particles are constantly moving?

  It explains the behavior of different states of matter
• How do the particles in a solid move?

  Vibrate on the spot
• What type of particle arrangement has a more precise volume?

  Regular arrangements like solids
• How can the arrangement of particles differ between the three states of matter?

  • Solids: Particles are closely packed in a regular, ordered arrangement
  • Liquids: Particles are close together but can move past each other
  • Gases: Particles are far apart and move randomly in all directions
• What are the physical properties explained by the particle model?

  • Density
  • Volume
  • Pressure
• Why do liquids flow easily?

  Because particles move and slide past each other
• What determines the density of a substance?

  Particle spacing
• Why do gases spread out?

  Because particles move rapidly and independently
• How does the electron cloud model explain the uncertainty in an electron's position and momentum?

  According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the more precisely the position of an electron is known, the less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice versa. The electron cloud model reflects this uncertainty.
• What are the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases based on particle behavior?

  • Solids:
  • Fixed positions
  • Vibrate only
  • Rigid structure
  • Liquids:
  • Close together, random arrangement
  • Move and slide past each other
  • Flow easily
  • Gases:
  • Random positions
  • Move rapidly and independently
  • Spread out
• How do the particles in a gas move?

  Move quickly in all directions
• In liquids, how close are the particles?

  Close
• What are the key differences between the Bohr model and the electron cloud model in terms of their representation of the atom?

  • Bohr model: Electrons orbit in discrete circular paths
  • Electron cloud model: Electrons exist in a probabilistic cloud around the nucleus
• What are the key differences in the arrangement, pattern, and movement of particles between solids, liquids, and gases?

  • Solids: Close together, regular pattern, vibrate on the spot
  • Liquids: Close together, random arrangement, move around each other
  • Gases: Far apart, random arrangement, move quickly in all directions
• How do the particles in a liquid move?

  Move around each other
• What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

  Close together
• What is the pattern of particles in a liquid?

  Random arrangement
• In which state of matter is pressure greatest?

  Gases
• How do the differences in particle arrangement, pattern, and movement between solids, liquids, and gases explain their macroscopic properties?

  • Solids have a fixed shape and volume due to the close, regular arrangement and vibration of particles
  • Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container due to the close but random arrangement and movement of particles
  • Gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume, as their particles are far apart and move quickly in random directions
• How does particle arrangement affect volume?

  • Regular arrangements (solids) have precise volume
  • Irregular arrangements (liquids and gases) have less precise volume
• How do particles behave in gases?

  Particles are in random positions and move rapidly
• Why are solids considered rigid?

  Because particles are in fixed positions
• What is the location of electrons in the Bohr model?

  Distinct shells
• What is the relationship between density, mass, and volume?

  $\rho =$$\frac{m}{V}$
• What is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

  Close together
• If you wanted to determine the most likely location of an electron around the nucleus, which model would you use?

  Electron cloud model
• What are the three states of matter shown in the image?

  Solid, liquid, gas