COLD WAR (1950S)

• what is the 38th parallel?

  the border between the North and South Korea after WW2
• how was Korea split into?

  North Korea - People's Democratic Republic of Korea

  South Korea - Republic of Korea
• which side of Korea did the USA enter from?

  South Korea
• which side of Korea did the Soviet Union enter from?

  North Korea
• what did Truman fear that South Korea would be?

  communist
• why did Truman fear that South Korea would be communist?

  cause the domino effect for other countries to also be communist
• when did North Korea 1st invade South Korea?

  25 June 1950
• how was South Korea supported after its 1st invasion?

  by a UN force from 16 countries
• who was the commander of the UN force fighting for South Korea?

  General Douglas MacArthur
• when was MacArthur dismissed?

  April 1951
• why was MacArthur dismissed?

  insubordination to not invade China - Truman did not want to go into a hot war
• when did the Korean War stop?

  July 1953
• what was the 1st impact of the Korean War? (SEATO)

  In September 1954, SEATO was created (US, NZ, AUS, Philippines, Thailand, Britian, France, Pakistan) - to stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia
• what was the 2nd impact of the Korean War? (RED ARMY)

  The Red Army increased its forces from 2.8 million soliders (1950) to 5.6 million (1956) - Soviet Union was intimidated by the USA's increasing army
• what was the 3rd impact of the Korean War? (NATO)

  West Germany joined NATO (1955) - Soviet Union feared they would be attacked so they formed its own communist defensive military alliance between 8 countries: Warsaw Pact
• when was the Warsaw Pact created?

  May 1955
• why was the warsaw Pact created?

  • Stalin needed his own rival alliance - to ensure parity with the west
  • Stalin needed his own military alliance - strictly dominated by the USSR
• who was apart of the Warsaw Pact?

  Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, East Germany - known as the 'Eastern Bloc'
• what were the consequences of the Warsaw Pact?

  • cemented the USSR's dominance over Eastern Europe
  • contributed to the increasing competition of the arms race - USSR focused on developing their nuclear power as a mean of deterrence
• what was the peaceful co-existence?

  based on the growing belief in the Soviet Union that its communist philosophy was so superior compared to the West that capitalism would collapse
• who came into power after Stalin's death?

  Nikita Khrushchev
• when did Krushchev become the effective ruler of Russia?

  1956
• what factors contributed to the hope of the two superpowers moving towards peaceful co-existence?

  • the Korean war ended in July 1953
  • the Iron Curtain became an agreed boundary - brought an acceptance of the new map of Europe
• what was the Soviet rule's impact on Hungary?

  • since 1945, Stalin chose his army, police and key officials in the government - Hungary was under strict Soviet control
• who was Matyas Rakosi?

  • the Hungarian Communist Party leader - a firm supporter of Stalin
  • he sent more than 300,00 Hungarians to prison during 1949-56
  • had more than 2,000 executed
• what was de-Stalinisation?

  after Stalin's death, Khrushchev speech (1956) gave the Soviet Union's satellite states the opportunity to push for a relaxation of Soviet control in their own countries
• when was the Hungary Uprising?

  Feburary - November 1956
• what caused the Hungarian Uprising?

  • Hungarians were dissatisfied with Soviet rule
  • 'salami tactics' - tactics made by Hungary's dictator (Rakosi) to deal with opposition 'one slice at a time'
  • Poland's anti-Soviet demonstrations (1956) - inspired Hungary to also demonstrate and protest
• what happened during the Hungary Uprising?

  • students began to riot in Budapest - Rakosi was replaced by Erno Gero (barely had an effect)
  • Khrushchev appointed a more liberal leader Nagy
  • Khrushchev worried that Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact - would mean the end to Soviet control of Eastern Europe
  • 20,000 Hungarians were killed and 200,000 fled to Austria
• what were the consequences of the Hungarian Uprising?

  • Hungary viewed the US as abandoning them - made USA appear to have no desire to interfere
  • Kadar became the new Hungarian leader - to reestablish communist control & remain in the Warsaw Pact
  • Khrushchev strengthened his control over Eastern Europe
• why was Nagy executed in 1958?

  accused of treason by Khrushchev
• who was the new leader for the USA in 1953?

  Dwight Eisenhower
• what was the nuclear arms race?

  Competition between the superpowers to develop powerful weapons
• show the timeline between the Soviets & US nuclear arms race

  • atomic bomb - USA (1945), Soviets (1949)
  • hydrogen bomb - USA (1952), Soviets (1953)
  • Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICMB) - USA & Soviets (1957)
• what was the impact on superpower relations in the nuclear arms race?

  nuclear weapons acted as a deterrent - both sides understood the risks of such power weapons
• what did Nagy propose that caused him to be executed?

  • for Hungary to leave the Warsaw Pact - would make Hungary democratic and have free elections
  • Hungary asking the UN for help against the USSR