Protein synthesis

Cards (28)

  • What is DNA made of?
    Double-stranded polymer of nucleotides
  • How many different nucleotides are there?
    Four different nucleotides
  • What are the bases of nucleotides called?
    A, T, G, and C
  • How do the two strands of DNA relate to each other?
    They are complementary to each other
  • Which bases pair together in DNA?
    A pairs with T, C pairs with G
  • What are proteins made of?
    Polymers of amino acids
  • How many different amino acids are there in humans?
    Twenty different amino acids
  • What determines the shape of a protein?
    The specific order of amino acids
  • How does the shape of a protein relate to its function?
    The shape determines its function
  • What might protein A be, based on its function?
    An enzyme molecule like amylase
  • What could protein B represent?
    A structural protein like collagen
  • What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?
    The sequence of bases in the gene
  • What happens when a cell makes a protein?
    The cell reads the DNA sequence
  • What is the first stage of protein synthesis called?
    Transcription
  • Where does the first stage of protein synthesis take place?
    In the nucleus
  • What is the complementary template molecule called?
    Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • How is mRNA different from DNA?
    mRNA is a single-stranded molecule
  • What is the second stage of protein synthesis called?
    Translation
  • Where does translation take place?
    In the cytoplasm
  • What attaches to the ribosome during translation?
    The mRNA molecule
  • What are the carrier molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome called?
    Transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • What does the ribosome do during translation?
    Reads triplets of bases on mRNA
  • What happens after the protein chain is complete?
    It folds into its unique shape
  • Why is the shape of a protein important?
    It enables the protein to do its job
  • What are the stages of protein synthesis?
    1. Transcription
    • DNA sequence is copied to mRNA
    • Occurs in the nucleus
    1. Translation
    • mRNA attaches to ribosome
    • tRNA brings amino acids
    • Ribosome reads mRNA triplets
    • Amino acids are joined in order
    • Protein folds into shape
  • What are the key components involved in protein synthesis?
    • DNA
    • mRNA
    • tRNA
    • Ribosomes
    • Amino acids
  • How do the structures of DNA and RNA differ?
    • DNA: Double-stranded, contains thymine
    • RNA: Single-stranded, contains uracil
  • What roles do enzymes, structural proteins, and hormones play?
    • Enzymes: Catalyze biochemical reactions
    • Structural proteins: Provide support and shape
    • Hormones: Regulate physiological processes