Alex ii

• Radical intellectuals believed that serfdom was just replaced without a label

  • most support was from students as poorer stdents accessed higher education
  • Fed by flow of books and articles
• which groups emerged?

  - populists

  • land and liberty
  • peoples will
  • black partition
• Populists

  1870s

  • agrarian socialism around a commune
  • route to good society without capitalism
  • factories, machines and wage slavery were inhuman cog
• what did the populists/narodniks do?

  several thousand people dressed up and entered venture

  • moved to villages but were rejected by many
  • peasants shared some vKew’s like egalitarianism and landholding
  • reported to authorities
• 1877 populist/narodnik trials

  • trial of 50
  • trial of 193
  • many were aquitted with light sentences and favoured for honesty and noble backgrounds
  • some sent to Siberia
• why did land and liberty emerge?

  realised peaceful movements failed as peasants were too conservative
• what did land and liberty do?

  form cells in villages

  • kill officials and arranging escapes for prisoners
  • political trails moved to military courts
• 1879 group splits
• Black partition :

  • promoye revolution through peacaeful means
• The people’s will

  • terrorism to achieve revolutionary aims
  • destruction of sTate and land distribution
  • 1879 condemn Alex to death for crimes against people
• five assassination attempts occur
• 1881 - hires loris melokov

  • rebrands secret police
  • Only dangerous people on watch
  • Gave peasants more civil rights
  • Introduction of National Assembly And dissolved power
• irony is hes killed right before he grants them what they want