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science
physics paper 1
supplying electricity
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Created by
hollie maklowicz
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Cards (30)
What type of current does a cell or battery provide?
Direct current
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How does direct current flow?
It flows in one
direction
only
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What type of current does mains electricity provide?
Alternating current
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What happens to the direction of alternating current?
It
repeatedly
reverses
direction
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What is the frequency of mains electricity supply in the UK?
50Hz
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What is the voltage of mains electricity in the UK?
230V
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What color is the earth wire?
Yellow/green
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What is the purpose of the earth wire?
To stop the appliance becoming
live
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What is the potential difference of the earth wire?
0V
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When does the earth wire carry a current?
Only if there is a
fault
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What color is the neutral wire?
Blue
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What is the function of the neutral wire?
It completes the
circuit
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What is the potential difference of the neutral wire?
0V
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What color is the live wire?
Brown
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Why is the live wire considered dangerous?
It has a high
potential difference
of
230V
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What happens if you touch the live wire?
A large
current
could flow through you
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Where is the fuse connected?
To the
live wire
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What occurs during a short circuit?
The
live wire
touches the
neutral wire
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What happens to the fuse during a short circuit?
It melts and disconnects the
live wire
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What is the purpose of a plastic case in electrical appliances?
It is a good electrical
insulator
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Why are copper wires used in electrical appliances?
They are good
electrical conductors
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What is the national grid?
A network linking
power stations
to
consumers
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What do transformers do in the national grid?
Change the
potential difference
of
alternating current
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At what potential difference do power stations generate electricity?
About
25,000V
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What is the role of step-up transformers?
To increase
potential difference
for transmission
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What potential difference do cables in the national grid transfer electrical power at?
Up to
400,000V
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What is the purpose of step-down transformers?
To decrease
potential difference
for
safety
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What potential difference do homes and offices use?
230V
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What are the key components of a plug and their functions?
Earth wire
(yellow/green): Safety wire,
0V
potential difference
Neutral wire
(blue): Completes the circuit, 0V potential difference
Live wire
(brown): Dangerous,
230V
potential difference
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What are the functions of transformers in the national grid?
Step-up
transformers: Increase
potential difference
for transmission
Step-down
transformers: Decrease potential difference for safe use in homes
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