Introduction to cardiorespiratory physiotherapy practice

    Cards (129)

    • What is the upper respiratory tract composed of?
      Extra-thoracic components of the respiratory system
    • What are the functions of the nose?
      Warms, humidifies, and filters air
    • How do nasal conchae affect airflow?
      They increase turbulence and slow airflow
    • What triggers the sneeze reflex?
      Inhaling particles that trigger sensory nerves
    • What is the pharynx commonly referred to as?
      The throat
    • What are the three parts of the pharynx?
      Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
    • What is the function of the epiglottis?
      Protects the larynx from food during swallowing
    • What does the larynx contain?
      Vocal cords
    • Why are vocal cords essential?
      They are essential for an effective cough
    • What is the trachea commonly known as?
      The windpipe
    • Where does the trachea descend from?
      From the larynx into the thorax
    • What supports the walls of the trachea?
      C-shaped rings of cartilage
    • Why is there no cartilage posteriorly in the trachea?
      To allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing
    • Where does the trachea bifurcate?
      At the carina
    • What are the two main bronchi called?
      Right and left main bronchi
    • At what angle does the right main bronchus branch off?
      20-30 degrees
    • How does the left main bronchus differ from the right?
      It branches off at 45-55 degrees
    • How many secondary bronchi are there on the right and left sides?
      Right = 3, Left = 2
    • What do tertiary bronchi supply?
      Each segment of the lung
    • How many tertiary bronchi are there on the right and left sides?
      Right = 10, Left = 9
    • What do the walls of secondary and tertiary bronchi contain?
      Crescent-shaped cartilage plates
    • What do bronchioles lack?
      Cartilage
    • What are terminal bronchioles?
      They divide into respiratory bronchioles
    • How many terminal bronchioles are there?
      60,000
    • What are respiratory bronchioles?
      Hybrid part bronchiole and part alveoli
    • What is the structure where gaseous exchange occurs?
      Alveoli
    • How are alveoli ventilated?
      By channels bypassing normal airways
    • What is collateral ventilation?
      Ventilation through bypass channels
    • What are the channels involved in collateral ventilation?
      Channels of Martin, Canals of Lambert, Pores of Kohn
    • How many pores does an adult alveolus have?
      5-20 pores
    • Are pores present in infants under 1 year?
      No, they are not present
    • What is the mucociliary transport system?
      A defense mechanism of the respiratory system
    • What lines the nasopharynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles?
      Ciliated epithelium
    • What do goblet cells secrete?
      Mucus
    • What is the function of cilia in the mucociliary transport system?
      To sweep mucus towards the laryngopharynx
    • How fast can cilia propel mucus?
      At a rate of 2 cm/min
    • What is the viscous layer made of?
      Mucus secreted from goblet cells
    • How much mucus do goblet cells produce daily?
      10-100 ml
    • What do foreign particles become trapped in?
      Mucus produced by goblet cells
    • How are the lungs divided?
      Into lobes
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