Co transport and active transport

• What is the first type of transport mentioned that does not involve a protein?

  Simple diffusion
• What is the second type of transport that involves a protein?

  Facilitated diffusion
• What is the third type of transport that requires energy?

  Active transport
• What is the direction of movement in active transport?

  From low to high concentration
• What energy source is required for active transport?

  ATP
• What type of protein is involved in active transport?

  Carrier protein
• What happens to ATP during active transport?

  It is hydrolyzed into ADP
• What does the hydrolysis of ATP cause in the carrier protein?

  It changes shape
• What is the role of sodium ions in co-transport?

  They help transport glucose
• Where does co-transport of glucose occur?

  In the ileum
• Why is active transport necessary for glucose absorption?

  There is no high to low concentration gradient
• What happens to sodium ions after being actively transported into the blood?

  They allow glucose to enter the cell
• What is the function of microvilli in epithelial cells?

  To increase surface area for absorption
• How does the concentration gradient of glucose affect its absorption?

  It allows glucose to move into the blood
• How does co-transport differ from simple diffusion?

  Co-transport requires two molecules to bind
• What are the steps involved in active transport of sodium ions?

  1. Sodium ions are actively transported into the blood.
  2. ATP attaches to the carrier protein.
  3. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP.
  4. Carrier protein changes shape and releases sodium ions.
• What is the process of co-transport of glucose in the ileum?

  1. Sodium ions are actively transported out of epithelial cells.
  2. Sodium ions diffuse back into the cell via co-transporter protein.
  3. Glucose attaches to the co-transporter protein.
  4. Both sodium and glucose are transported into the epithelial cell.
  5. Glucose moves into the blood by facilitated diffusion.
• What are the key features of active transport and co-transport?

  • Active transport moves substances against concentration gradient.
  • Co-transport involves two molecules moving together.
  • Both require ATP for energy.
  • Both utilize carrier proteins for transport.
• What is the significance of the flowing blood in glucose absorption?

  • Maintains concentration gradient.
  • Prevents glucose accumulation in blood.
  • Facilitates continuous absorption of glucose.
• What is the role of carrier proteins in active transport?

  • Facilitate movement of substances across membranes.
  • Change shape to release substances on the other side.
  • Require energy from ATP to function.
• What is the relationship between active transport and co-transport?

  • Co-transport is a type of active transport.
  • Both require ATP and carrier proteins.
  • Co-transport involves simultaneous transport of two molecules.