Genetic engineering

• What is genetic engineering?

  Modifying an organism's genome by introducing genes
• What is the purpose of introducing a gene from another organism in genetic engineering?

  To give a desired characteristic
• How have plant crops been genetically engineered?

  To be resistant to diseases or produce better fruits
• What useful substances have bacterial cells been engineered to produce?

  Human insulin to treat diabetes
• What does it mean to 'cut out' genes in genetic engineering?

  To remove genes from chromosomes for transfer
• What are genetically modified (GM) crops?

  Crops with modified genes for desired traits
• What are some characteristics of GM crops?

  Resistant to insects and herbicides
• What is a common benefit of GM crops?

  Increased yields compared to non-GM crops
• What concerns exist regarding GM crops?

  Effects on wild flowers and human health
• How is modern medical research using genetic modification?

  To overcome some inherited disorders
• What is the role of enzymes in genetic engineering?

  To isolate the required gene
• What is a vector in genetic engineering?

  A tool to insert genes into cells
• What are common vectors used in genetic engineering?

  Bacterial plasmids or viruses
• When are genes transferred to cells in genetic engineering?

  At an early stage in development
• What is the outcome of transferring genes to developing cells?

  They develop with desired characteristics