biogenergetics

• Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cells?

  Chloroplasts
• What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

  It absorbs light
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic
• Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis.

  $6CO_2 +$$6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 +$$6O_2$
• What are the five main uses of glucose in plants?

  • For respiration
  • Making cellulose
  • Making amino acids
  • Stored as oils or fats
  • Stored as starch
• What are limiting factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Not enough light, damaged chlorophyll, little CO2, temperature
• How can ideal conditions for photosynthesis be artificially created?

  • Use greenhouses to trap heat
  • Supply artificial light at night
  • Use paraffin heaters for CO2
  • Keep plants enclosed to avoid pests
  • Add fertilizer for minerals
• What is respiration?

  Process of transferring energy from glucose breakdown
• Why do all living things respire?

  To transfer energy from food to cells
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  Exothermic
• How do organisms use energy transferred by respiration?

  • Build larger molecules from smaller ones
  • Allow muscles to contract in animals
  • Maintain body temperature in mammals and birds
• What is metabolism?

  All chemical reactions in an organism
• How are chemical reactions in a cell controlled?

  By enzymes
• What happens in reactions where larger molecules are made?

  Smaller molecules join together
• What happens in reactions where larger molecules are broken down?

  Larger molecules are converted into smaller ones
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Respiration using oxygen
• Where do most reactions in aerobic respiration take place?

  In the mitochondria
• Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cells?

  Chloroplasts
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic
• Write the equation for photosynthesis.

  6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
• What is fermentation?

  Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
• What are the five main ways plants use glucose?

  • For respiration
  • Making cellulose
  • Making amino acids
  • Stored as oils or fats
  • Stored as starch
• What are limiting factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Not enough light, damaged chlorophyll, little CO2, temperature
• How can ideal conditions for photosynthesis be artificially created?

  • Use greenhouses to trap heat
  • Supply artificial light at night
  • Use paraffin heaters for CO2
  • Keep plants enclosed to avoid pests
  • Add fertilizer for minerals
• What is respiration?

  Process of transferring energy from glucose breakdown
• Why do all living things respire?

  To transfer energy from food to cells
• What happens to lactic acid in the liver?

  It is converted back to glucose
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  Exothermic
• How do organisms use energy transferred by respiration?

  • Build larger molecules from smaller ones
  • Allow muscles to contract in animals
  • Maintain body temperature in mammals and birds
• What is metabolism?

  All chemical reactions in an organism
• How are chemical reactions in a cell controlled?

  By enzymes
• What happens in some metabolic reactions involving glucose?

  Larger molecules are made or broken down
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Respiration using oxygen
• Where do most reactions in aerobic respiration take place?

  In the mitochondria
• Write the equation for aerobic respiration.

  Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• What is fermentation?

  Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
• Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cells?

  Chloroplasts
• What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

  It absorbs light
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic
• What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2