C1: Atomic structure

• What is the relative charge of a proton?

  +1
• What is the relative mass of a proton?

  1
• What does the atomic number represent?

  Number of protons in an atom
• What is the relative charge of a neutron?

  0
• What is the relative mass of an electron?

  0 (very small)
• How many electrons are in an atom?

  Same as the number of protons
• Why do atoms have no overall charge?

  Equal numbers of protons and electrons
• What defines an element?

  Made of one type of atom
• What is a compound?

  Different types of atoms chemically bonded
• What is a mixture?

  Two or more substances not chemically combined
• What are the physical processes to separate mixtures?

  • Filtration
  • Crystallisation
  • Simple distillation
  • Fractional distillation
  • Paper chromatography
• What are isotopes?

  Atoms of the same element with different neutrons
• What is relative atomic mass?

  Average mass of all atoms of an element
• How do you calculate relative atomic mass?

  Average of isotopes' masses and abundances
• What are the key terms related to atomic structure?

  • Abundance
  • Atom
  • Atomic number
  • Aqueous
  • Compound
  • Electron
  • Element
  • Energy level
  • Isotope
  • Neutron
  • Nucleus
  • Orbit
  • Product
  • Proton
  • Reactant
  • Relative atomic mass
  • Relative charge
  • Relative mass
  • Shell
• How many electrons can fit in the first shell?

  Up to 2 electrons
• How many electrons can fit in the second and third shells?

  Eight electrons each
• What was Dalton's model of the atom?

  Atoms as solid spheres
• What is the nuclear model of the atom?

  Dense nucleus with orbiting electrons
• What did Niels Bohr discover about electrons?

  Electrons orbit in fixed energy levels
• What did James Chadwick discover?

  Uncharged particle called the neutron
• Where are protons and neutrons located?

  In the nucleus
• What is the relative mass of a proton?

  1
• What is the relative charge of an electron?

  −1
• How can you find the number of protons in an atom?

  Look at the atomic number
• How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

  Mass number minus atomic number
• What is the significance of the alpha scattering experiment?

  Showed concentration of mass in nucleus
• What did scientists conclude from the alpha scattering experiment?

  Mass and positive charge in nucleus
• What is the radius of an atom?

  1×10⁻¹⁰ m
• How much smaller are nuclei compared to atoms?

  About 10,000 times smaller
• What is the plum pudding model of the atom?

  Cloud of positive charge with electrons
• What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

  An atom
• What is the definition of an element?

  Substance made of one type of atom
• What is the definition of a compound?

  Substance made of more than one type of atom
• What is the definition of a mixture?

  Two or more substances not chemically combined
• What are isotopes?

  Atoms of the same element with different neutrons
• What are the four physical processes that can be used to separate mixtures?

  Filtration, crystallisation, distillation, chromatography
• What is relative mass?

  Average mass of all atoms of an element