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science- biology
cell biology
cell division
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Created by
alejandro
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Cards (42)
What do both plant and animal cells contain?
A
nucleus
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What are chromosomes made of?
The molecule
DNA
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How many of each chromosome do body cells contain?
Two
of each chromosome
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How many pairs of chromosomes do human body cells have?
23
pairs of chromosomes
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What are gametes in terms of chromosomes?
They have
unpaired
chromosomes
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What do chromosomes carry that determines features?
A large number of
genes
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What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
Cells must be able to
divide
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What are the two ways cells can divide?
Mitosis
or
meiosis
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What is the first stage of the cell cycle?
DNA
replicates
to form copies
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What happens to the cell during the first stage of the cell cycle?
The cell grows and copies
internal structures
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What is the second stage of the cell cycle?
Mitosis
takes place
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What happens during mitosis?
One set of
chromosomes
is pulled apart
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What divides in the final stage of the cell cycle?
The
cytoplasm
and
cell membrane
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What is the result of the cell cycle?
Two
identical
cells are formed
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How many pairs of chromosomes do the resulting cells have?
Two pairs of chromosomes
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What is a common misconception about the stages of mitosis?
Many
textbooks
show different stages
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What is one function of mitosis?
Essential for
growth
and development
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When does mitosis take place in organisms?
When an organism repairs
itself
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What is another function of mitosis?
Occurs during
asexual
reproduction
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What are the stages of the cell cycle involving mitosis?
DNA replication
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
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What are the functions of mitosis?
Essential for
growth
and development
Repairs damaged tissues
Occurs during
asexual
reproduction
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Why do multicellular eukaryotic organisms need new cells?
For
growth
, development, and repair
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What is the process called through which cells are generated?
The
cell cycle
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What are the three main stages of the cell cycle?
Growth, DNA replication, and mitosis
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What happens during the first step of the cell cycle?
The cell grows and increases
subcellular
structures
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What occurs during DNA replication in the cell cycle?
The DNA is duplicated for
new cells
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How does DNA appear when a cell is not dividing?
It
is
spread
out
in
long
strings
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What happens to DNA when a cell prepares for division?
It condenses into
chromosomes
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What do chromosomes contain?
A large number of
genes
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How many copies of each chromosome do eukaryotic cells have?
Two copies, forming a
pair
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How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23
pairs
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Why can't animals of different species reproduce fertile offspring?
They have different numbers of
chromosomes
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What shape do duplicated chromosomes take?
An
X shape
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What is the significance of the right and left arms of a chromosome?
They are duplicates of
each other
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What happens to chromosomes during cell division?
They line up along the
center
of the cell
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What attaches to the chromosomes during division?
Fibers
from either side of the cell
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What do the fibers do during cell division?
They pull the arms of the
chromosomes
apart
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What is the final stage of the cell cycle called?
Cytokinesis
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What occurs during cytokinesis?
The
cell membrane
and cytoplasm pull apart
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What do the resulting daughter cells contribute to?
Growth
,
development
, or
repair
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