QA1 Preparation

• The fundamental unit of life; is the basic structural and functional unit of living organism. Cell
• Is the study of life Biology
• The largest internal organ in the body Liver
• The largest organ in the body Skin
• A collection of ideas and conclusions from many different scientist. It is one of the fundamental principles of biology and consist of three main tenets. Cell theory
• CELL THEORY 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. All living things arise form pre-existing cells. 3. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
• Are organisms that are composed of a single cell ex. Euglena, Paramecium, Yeast Unicellular organism
• Are organisms that are composed of more than one cells ex. Plant, animal, fungi Multicellular organism
• Are organisms that are big enough to be seen by the eye without the aid of a microscope Macroscopic organisms
• Are organisms that can be seen only through a microscope Microscopic organisms
• What do you call to the smallest cell [ 0.1μm ]? Mycoplasma
• It is the largest cell [ 18cm ] Ostrich egg
• What is the size of the sperm? 5 micrometer
• What is the size of the Ovulum? 120 micrometer
• What is the size of the longest nerve cell? 1 meter
• Euglena and Amoeba can alter their shapes
• The red blood cell has a shape of a circular biconcave that allows them to easily travel in the capillaries to deliver nutrients throughout the body,
• The nerve cell is a type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to brain and vice versa; it conducts nerve impulses.
• The White blood cell's function is to alter their shape to engulf the microorganism or foreign pathogen in the body.
• Robert Hooke discovered the cell from a certain cork and published his discovery on his book "micrographia"" on 1665."
• Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist, is best known for his a pioneering work in microscopy. He observed a living cell on 1674.
• Robert Brown, a Scottish botanist, discovered the nucleus in 1831 while studying the cells of orchids under a microscope.
• Felix Dujardin, a French biologist, discovered the fluid content in cells through his observations of microorganisms, particularly protozoa, in 1835. He discovered the fluid content in the cell which he described as "sarcode."""
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden, a German botanist, made significant contributions to cell theory in the 19th century. In 1838, he proposed that all plants are composed of cells and that the cell is the basic unit of life in plants.
• On 1839, Jan Evangelista Purkinje named the fluid discovered by Felix Dujardin as "protoplasm"" which was later called as cytoplasm."
• In 1838, Theodor Schwann extended the work of Matthias Schleiden, and proposed that all animals are made up of cells.
• In 1845, Carl Heinrich Braun, a German pathologist, contributed to the cell theory by emphasizing the importance of cells as the fundamental unit of life.
• In 1855, Rudolf Virchow, a 19th century pathologist, is known for his contributions to cell theory, specifically he referred to his "omnis cellula e cellula"" principle, which stated that all cells arise from pre-existing cells [2nd cell theory]."
• There are two types of microscope. What are those two types? Monocular and Binocular
• What is the magnification of a compound microscope? 2000x
• What is the magnification of an electron microscope. 500000x
• It is the structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functios like division and movement. Cytoskeleton
• Are double-stranded polymerized molecules of fibrous actin that form a three-dimensional meshwork in cells, mainly located at the cell periphery. Microfilaments
• are the largest type of filament, with a diameter of about 25 nanometers (nm), and they are composed of a protein called tubulin. Microtubules
• It is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. Its a major component of a cell; It is composed of 80% water (cytosol) which also contains macromolecules [JELL-O]. Cytoplasm
• It is a semi-permeable membrane found in all cells that seperates the interior of the cell from the outside environment; it is responsible for maintaining homeostasis; It is made up of 2 layers of lipid molecules [SCREEN DOOR]. Plasma membrane
• It is also known as the "control center of the cell""; It contains the chromosomes and it where the RNA is made from the DNA in the chromosomes; It is present in all cells except the RBC's and Sleeve Tube Cells." Nucleus
• It is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane; Can only be found on a plant cell; the outermost part of the plant. Cell wall
• It is a small, membrane-bound sac found within cells. It's composed of a lipid bilayer similar to the cell membrane. They carry a variety of substances substances, such as proteins, lipids, and waste products. Vesicles
• It is a network of membrane-enclosed tubules that extend from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm; An interconnected network of thin and folded membranes. Endoplasmic reticulum