Chapter 13: The failure of post-war settlement

• State of affairs at the end of the Second Civil War?

  The New Model Army was confident, as they felt they had God on their side after their victories. Parliament sought a more lenient treatment of Charles
• Marxist historian interpretation of 1646-1649?

  They see the period as revolutionary, as it was the first time people from outside the Political Nation made a significant difference
• Regicide?

  The act of killing a king
• Charles' attitude in 1649?

  He refused to accept any settlement
• Conflict in Parliament in 1649?

  There was division between Political Independents and Political Presbyterians
• New Model Army in 1649?

  They were very politicised, and had a bad relationship with Parliament
• The Newport Treaty?

  Negotiations with the king after the Second Civil War, since the Vote of No Addresses was repealed by weary Political Independents
• When was the English Revolution?

  Some believe it started with the regicide, although other historians argue that it began as early as 1640
• Henry Ireton?

  Cromwell's son-in-law and the third-in-command of the New Model Army. He was more radical than Cromwell and he wrote most of the army's political statements
• What convinced many in the army that Charles needed to be put on trial by November 1648?

  The idea that Charles was a "man of blood", which originated from the Windsor Prayer Meeting
• The Remonstrance of the Army?

  Ireton's November 1648 proclamation that Charles should be put on trial. If Parliament refused, they should be purged, and the king's trial should follow regardless
• Cause of Pride's Purge?

  On December 5th 1648, Parliament voted 129-83 to continue the Newport Treaty, which contradicted the Remonstrance of the Army
• Events of Pride's Purge?

  Ireton and Thomas Pride purged Parliament of MPs who favoured Charles, and restrained them in a pub called Hell
• Why did Cromwell check on the purge on the evening of 6th December 1648?

  He wanted to make sure the army hadn't dissolved Parliament
• What was the name of the Parliament after Pride's Purge?

  The Rump Parliament. It was the Parliament that put Charles on trial
• How many commissioners acted as judges for the king during his trial?

  135. Many refused to attend, and more still were not considering regicide at the start of the trial
• Charles' initial response to his trial?

  He refused to recognise the court's legitimacy, which reinforced the radical belief that removing Charles was a necessity
• Providence?

  The idea that God led regicides to make the decision to kill the king
• The regicide?

  59 of the 135 commissioners signed the warrant for Charles' death. He was executed on the 30th January 1649
• Why was Cromwell known as a "reluctant regicide"?

  He was initially hesitant to execute Charles, although he eventually came around on the idea due to providence and the lack of alternatives
• Why did most army leaders enact regicide?

  Out of necessity
• How did the elite viewed the regicide?

  They deemed it far too radical, which hindered the stability of a long-term settlement