Changing cities

• What is the focus of section 8.1 in the study material?


  The UK's resource consumption and sustainability challenge
• What are the implications of changes in the UK’s population over the next 50 years?

  Increased resource consumption
• How does a growing population pressure the UK’s ecosystems?

  It increases demand for resources and habitat
• What does section 8.1c discuss regarding transport options?

  National sustainable transport options for the UK
• What is the focus of section 8.2 in the study material?

  The UK's settlement, population, and economic challenges
• What is meant by the 'two-speed economy' in the UK?

  Economic disparity between regions
• What are some options for bridging the economic gap in the UK?

  Investment in infrastructure and education
• What are the costs and benefits of greenfield development?

  Benefits include new housing; costs include habitat loss
• What is the significance of brownfield site regeneration?

  It revitalizes urban areas and reduces sprawl
• What does section 8.2c address regarding migration?

  UK net migration statistics and stakeholder attitudes
• Why are net migration statistics important?

  They inform policy and resource allocation
• What are the different stakeholder attitudes towards migration?

  Varied perspectives based on economic and social factors
• What is the focus of section 8.3 in the study material?

  The UK's landscape challenges
• What are the approaches to conservation in UK National Parks?

  Balancing development with environmental protection
• How is flood risk managed in the UK?

  Through various strategies including infrastructure improvements
• What is the focus of section 8.4 in the study material?

  The UK's climate change challenges
• What uncertainties exist regarding global climate change's impact on the UK?

  Future climate patterns and effects are unpredictable
• What are the impacts of climate change on the UK?

  Effects on people and landscapes
• What responses to climate change exist in the UK?

  Local and national strategies for mitigation
• What is urbanisation?

  A global process of population movement
• What percentage of the world’s population lives in towns and cities due to urbanisation?

  More than half
• Since when has urbanisation occurred at different rates?

  Since 1950
• Which continents are currently experiencing the greatest increase in urbanisation?

  Africa and Asia
• What are the causes of rapid urbanisation in emerging and developing countries?

  • Rural to urban migration for better quality of life
  • Natural increase due to higher birth rates than death rates
• What is the main cause of urbanisation in developed countries?

  Industrialisation
• What historical changes in the UK led to urbanisation in the 1800s and 1900s?

  Mechanisation of farming and rise of factories
• What are the effects of urbanisation?

  • Increasing air, noise, and water pollution
  • More economic opportunities due to investment
  • Development of spontaneous, unplanned settlements
  • Widening gap between rich and poor
• Where is population density generally lower in the UK?

  In the north
• Which UK city has the highest population density?

  London
• What factors contribute to lower population density in the north of the UK?

  Fewer cities and higher relief
• Why is population density lower in northern Scotland?

  Due to a difficult living climate
• How does the location of ports affect urban population density?

  Higher urban populations are around ports
• What are the contextual factors influencing Birmingham's functions and structure?

  • Site: Small village on a dry point plateau
  • Situation: Centrally located with excellent links
  • Connectivity: Accessible motorways and airports
  • Cultural: Multicultural city with diverse residents
  • Environmental: Many parks and sustainable ranking
• What is the structure of Birmingham?

  • CBD: Main financial centre with offices and shops
  • Inner city: Rows of terraced housing
  • Suburbs: Mostly semi-detached housing from 1930s-1960s
  • Rural-urban fringe: Mixture of modern housing and shopping centres
• What processes have changed Birmingham?

  • Urbanisation: Influenced by manufacturing
  • Suburbanisation: Building houses on outskirts
  • Counter-urbanisation: People moving to places like Redditch
  • Re-urbanisation: Development of modern flats near the canal
• What are the main causes of national migration in Birmingham?

  Retirement to coastal areas and CBD jobs
• What are the main causes of international migration in Birmingham?

  Fleeing conflict and filling key jobs
• What are the impacts of migration in Birmingham?

  • Youthful population of migrants
  • Multicultural society
  • Establishment of ethnic shops and worship places
  • Increased demand for housing
  • Pressure on services like schools and NHS
• What challenges does Birmingham face due to globalisation and economic change?

  • Youthful population with low pensioners
  • Population growth from natural increase and migration
  • Deindustrialisation leading to unemployment
  • Strain on health services, schools, and housing
• What percentage of Birmingham's population are children according to the 2011 census?

  Nearly a quarter