Transformer Efficiency

• Are transformers 100% energy efficient in reality?

  No, they are not 100% efficient
• What does it mean if a transformer is not 100% efficient?

  Power output is less than power input
• What is the equation for power in a transformer?

  Power in = Power out

  
• What does the equation \( P = IV \) represent?

  Power as the product of current and voltage
• What do \( I \) and \( V \) represent in the transformer equations?

  Current and voltage in the primary coil

  
• How can the efficiency of a transformer be expressed?

  As the ratio of power out to power in

  
• How is transformer efficiency expressed mathematically?

  Efficiency = \( \frac{P_{out}}{P_{in}} \)

  
• How can efficiency be converted from decimal to percentage?

  Multiply by 100
• What is the process to calculate the current in the primary coil of a transformer?

  1. Identify power output and voltage.
  2. Use the efficiency to find power input.
  3. Apply \( P = IV \) to find current.

  
• What are eddy currents in the context of transformers?

  Key source of energy loss in transformers
• What causes eddy currents in transformers?

  A changing magnetic field from alternating current
• How do eddy currents affect energy in transformers?

  They dissipate energy by generating heat
• How can eddy currents be reduced in transformers?

  Laminating the iron core with insulation
• What is the purpose of laminating the core of a transformer?

  To reduce eddy currents significantly
• What is the structure of a laminated core?

  Built with thin layers of metal
• Why are laminations insulated from each other in a laminated core?

  To prevent current flow between them