Schaffer's stages of attachment

• Who studied the attachment behaviours of babies?

  Rudolf Schaffer and Peggy Emerson
• What did Schaffer and Emerson propose about attachment behaviours?

  They proposed four identifiable stages of attachment
• How many stages of attachment did Schaffer and Emerson identify?

  Four stages
• What characterizes the asocial stage of attachment?

  Observable behaviour is similar towards humans and objects
• What do babies show signs of during the asocial stage?

  Preference to be with other people
• What is the term used for the second stage of attachment?

  Indiscriminate attachment
• What happens during the indiscriminate attachment stage?

  Babies accept comfort from any person
• At what age does the specific attachment stage typically begin?

  Around 7 months
• What are the classic signs of specific attachment?

  Stranger anxiety and separation anxiety
• What is the primary attachment figure?

  The person with whom the attachment is formed
• In what percentage of cases is the primary attachment figure the mother?

  65%
• What characterizes the multiple attachments stage?

  Babies extend attachment behaviour to multiple people
• What are secondary attachments?

  Relationships formed with other regular caregivers
• What percentage of children formed secondary attachments within 8 month?

  29%
• By what age do most babies develop multiple attachments?

  By the age of one year
• What are the four stages of attachment proposed by Schaffer and Emerson?

  1. Indiscriminant
  2. Preference
  3. Specific attachment
  4. Multiple attachments