7. Postmodernism and the Family

• What do postmodernists challenge regarding the family?

  Metanarratives focused on previous societies
• Why can't we argue that the family is patriarchal according to postmodernists?

  Because the family is different for everyone
• What characterizes society according to postmodernists?

  Choice, change, chaos, consumerism, challenge, uncertainty
• What do postmodernists argue about families and personal relationships?

  We need to discuss families and intimate relationships
• Who introduced the concept of reflexivity in late modernity?

  Anthony Giddens
• What does reflexivity mean in the context of late modernity?

  Individuals question their actions and reflect on alternatives
• How do individuals create their life-scripts according to Giddens?

  By not following societal scripts based on characteristics
• What has happened to the nuclear family in postmodern society?

  It has become just another option
• What term does Giddens use to describe modern intimate relationships?

  Confluent love
• What characterizes confluent love according to Giddens?

  Deep emotional intimacy and mutual needs
• How does Beck describe contemporary social life?

  As a risk society focused on lifestyle choices
• What do Beck and Beck-Gernsheim argue about individualization?

  Individuals are no longer tied to fixed roles
• How has the expectation of women changed in high modernity?

  Women are no longer expected to marry and have children
• What concerns do Beck and Beck-Gernsheim have about families in high modernity?

  Families are becoming fragmented and atomized
• What are the criticisms of postmodern theories of the family?

  • Exaggerating changes in family structures
  • Neglecting continuities in family life
  • Ignoring real constraints on individual choices
  • Overemphasizing individualism in certain demographics
• What do critics say about the concept of choice in relation to ethnicity?

  It applies more to certain white groups
• How do feminists critique Giddens' view on family life?

  They argue he ignores persistent patriarchal aspects