cell fractionation

• Why is cell fractionation important?

  It isolates organelles for study
• What is the purpose of the cold solution in cell fractionation?

  To reduce enzyme activity
• What does isotonic mean in the context of cell fractionation?

  Water potential is the same as organelles
• Why is it important for the solution to be buffered?

  To prevent sudden pH changes
• What are the steps involved in cell fractionation?

  1. Homogenization: break open cells
  2. Ultracentrifugation: separate organelles by density
• What equipment is used to homogenize cells?

  A blender
• What is the purpose of filtering the solution after homogenization?

  To remove large cell debris
• What is the role of the centrifuge in cell fractionation?

  To spin and separate organelles
• What is differential centrifugation?

  Separating organelles at increasing speeds
• Which organelle is the first to separate during centrifugation?

  Nuclei
• What is the order of organelle separation by density?

  Nuclei, chloroplasts, lysosomes, ribosomes
• What are the key requirements for the solution used in cell fractionation?

  • Cold: reduces enzyme activity
  • Isotonic: prevents osmosis effects
  • Buffered: maintains stable pH
• What happens to organelles if the solution is not isotonic?

  They may shrivel or burst
• What is the final product after ultracentrifugation?

  Pellets of isolated organelles
• What is the significance of the supernatant in centrifugation?

  It contains the liquid above the pellet
• How does the speed of centrifugation relate to organelle density?

  Higher density requires slower speeds
• What are the two main methods to study cells discussed in the videos?

  1. Microscopy
  2. Cell fractionation and ultracentrifugation
• Where can viewers find practice questions related to the topic?

  Miss Esther's website
• What should viewers do to stay updated with new videos?

  Subscribe to the channel
• Why is cell fractionation crucial for studying organelles?

  It allows detailed examination of organelles
• What does homogenization achieve in cell fractionation?

  It breaks open the cells
• How do enzymes affect organelles during cell fractionation?

  They can damage organelles if uncontrolled
• What do centrifugal forces do in ultracentrifugation?

  They separate organelles by density
• What is a pellet in the context of centrifugation?

  The solid part at the bottom
• What is the process of removing supernatant in centrifugation?

  Taking liquid above the pellet
• Why is it important to know the order of organelle separation?

  To isolate specific organelles effectively
• How does organelle density affect centrifugation speed?

  Higher density requires slower speeds