Seismic waves

• What do large-scale events like volcanoes produce?

  Seismic waves
• What are the two types of seismic waves discussed?

  P waves and S waves
• What type of wave are P waves?

  Longitudinal waves
• What can P waves travel through?

  Both solids and liquids
• What type of wave are S waves?

  Transverse waves
• What can S waves travel through?

  Only solids
• How do P waves compare to S waves in speed?

  P waves are much faster than S waves
• What do scientists study to understand the Earth's internal structure?

  How seismic waves travel through the Earth
• What devices do seismologists use to detect seismic waves?

  Seismometers
• What do seismologists compare to understand wave travel times?

  Their results with other seismologists' results
• What happens to seismic waves at boundaries between different mediums?

  They can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted
• What occurs when seismic waves are transmitted?

  They are often refracted
• Why do waves change direction at boundaries?

  Because waves change speed in different densities
• What happens at the boundary between the mantle and the liquid outer core?

  There is a sudden change in density
• How do waves behave as they pass through the liquid outer core?

  They are constantly refracted slightly
• What is the behavior of waves in the mantle?

  They are generally refracted and seem to curve
• How do P waves and S waves differ in their ability to travel through the Earth?

  P waves can travel through solids and liquids, S waves cannot
• What was one of the main clues for scientists discovering the liquid outer core?

  S waves could not pass through it
• Where could S waves not be detected during an earthquake?

  In the liquid outer core region
• Why can't S waves reach the solid inner core?

  Because it is surrounded by the liquid outer core
• Where are P waves detected during an earthquake?

  Almost everywhere except specific positions
• Why can't P waves be detected in certain positions?

  They are refracted down or up at the outer core
• How did scientists discover the internal structure of the Earth?

  • By measuring wave detection at various locations
  • P waves travel through solids and liquids
  • S waves only travel through solids
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